Media
Franklin Roosevelt used radio to calm Americans with these addresses.
Fireside chats
In the Electoral College, a state with six House seats has this many total electoral votes
This term describes appealing directly to lawmakers for favorable policies
Lobbying
Young Americans argued for lowering the voting age from 21 to 18 during this war
Vietnam War
This term is used to describe elaborately organized sets of political attitudes
Ideologies
This FEC doctrine's equal access provision required stations to provide equal time to candidates for office
Fairness Doctrine
Americans who vote based on what benefits their social class, race, or ethnic group fall into this typology
Group interest
A member of Congress receives three-thousand letters with the exact same text, supposedly signed by different people, all advocating he vote for a piece of legislation
Astroturfing
This major issue unraveled the New Deal coalition of the Democratic Party
Civil rights
This identity shapes opinions and organizes other political attitudes most consistently for most Americans
Political party
This type of news outlet bases most of its content on the work of trained reporters
Legacy media
The act of individually tailoring campaign messages to specific voters is known as this
Microtargeting
This founding father viewed factions as pernicious because they pursue selfish aims contrary to the rights of others or the public interest
James Madison
This progressive reform changed elections by introducing competition within parties
Primary elections
The process of acquiring political attitudes is known as this
Political socialization
This form of sensationalist journalism dominated headlines in the 1890s
Yellow journalism
In the voting calculus (R=BP-C+D), the 'D' term stands for this type of benefit
Expressive benefit
When the National Rifle Association wants to prevent new restrictions on firearms, its members shower Congress with letters, e-mails, faxes, and phone calls
Grassroots lobbying
This reform made it much more difficult for parties to exchange favors for votes because it left no legal way for the parties to know if voters kept their side of the bargain
Australian ballot
Even the most carefully designed poll question is subject to this type of bias because the words and concepts used in the question may not perfectly align with how people actually think about the issue being asked about
Measurement error
This 19th-century invention allowed newspapers to print faster and cheaper, helping them break free from party sponsorship
Penny press or steam-powered printing
This law explains why serious electoral competition usually narrows to two major parties in single-member districts with first-past-the-post elections
Duverger's Law
These incentives, like stickers and magazines, are offered to encourage joining an interest group
Selective incentives
This party faded as a national force when their pro-British leanings put them on the wrong side of the War of 1812
Federalist Party
Polling error that is due to the fact that some people in the United States may not have a telephone or only have a cell phone or refuse to participate in polls
Sampling error