Colonialism
This empire's disintegration led to the colonization of the majority of the Middle East.
What is the Ottoman Empire?
Before World War I, this system distinguished nationality based on religious identities under the Ottoman Empire.
What is the millet system?
The person who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt that aimed to revive Islam politically, economically, and culturally as a counter to Westernization and secularism.
The major ethnic group throughout the Middle East.
Who are the Arabs?
This regime type does not allow the establishment of any political party that opposes the party in power.
What is a single-party regime?
This 1920 treaty officially marked the end of the Ottoman Empire after World War I.
What is The Treaty of Sèvres?
This party/ideology, founded by Michel Aflaq and Salahaddin Al Bitar, aimed to unify all Arabs through secular nationalism and socialism, and was/has been prevalent in Iraq and Syria.
What is the Ba'ath Party?
This influential figure of the Muslim Brotherhood was critical of Muslim countries adopting Western ideas, seeing them as materialistic and a departure from Islamic practices.
Who is Sayyid Qutb?
This ethnic group has no nation-state.
Who are the Kurds?
Within this regime type, there exists a significant and meaningful political opposition, but the incumbent party always gets the highest percentage of votes during elections.
What is a multi-party regime?
This secret agreement in 1916 divided the territories of the Ottoman Empire between Britain and France.
What is the Sykes-Picot Agreement?
This 1952 military coup in Egypt ousted King Faruq and marked the rise of nationalist leader Gamal Abdel Nasser.
What is the Free Officers Coup?
This sect believes that leadership in Islam should have remained within the Prophet Muhammad's family, particularly with his cousin and son-in-law, Ali.
What is Shia Islam?
The major religion throughout the Middle East.
What is Islam?
The country that successfully transitioned to democracy during the Arab Spring, but recently (in 2021) fell into the trap of authoritarianism.
What is Tunisia?
This 1923 treaty replaced the Treaty of Sevres and established the modern borders of Turkey.
What is the Treaty of Lausanne?
The Algerian nationalist group that gained independence from French rule.
What is the National Liberation Front (FLN)?
Which countries consider Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist organization?
Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates
This minority group has been enjoying significant political power in Lebanon. Lebanon's political system, gives the Lebanese president's position to this minority group.
Who are the Maronite Christians?
The regime type that is the most repressive among all the authoritarian regimes.
What is a short-term military regime?
This concept refers to the 19th and 20th century movement aimed at uniting Arab countries, especially popular in the 1950s.
What is Pan-Arabism?
This leader was seen as the "natural leader of Egypt" and championed Pan-Arabism in the 1950s.
Who is Gamal Abdel Nasser?
Within this ideology religion and politics
became fused, there is no separation of
state and religion; the religion is promoted to influence all aspects of life rather than just worshipping.
What is Political Islam?
This minority group enjoys significant political power in Syria since establishing this power structure through a coup d'etat in 1970s.
Who are the Alawites?
As a constitutional monarchy, why is Jordan an example of an authoritarian regime?
It has a bicameral system of parliament- an elected legislature, the House of Representatives and the Senate. The members of the Senate, as well as the Prime Minister are appointed and dismissed by the monarch.