Policing Eras
In the world of policing history, this period, spanning from the 1840s to the 1930s, is often acknowledged as what?
Political Era of Policing
In the realm of policing, a structural element that has shown resistance to change is the ____ structure of police organizations, frequently resembling a pyramid when examining an organizational chart.
Hierarchal
High-profile cases of police ______ , particularly against unarmed individuals, have sparked nationwide protests and discussions.
A 2022 study found that there was a potential disparate impact on ____ applicants, based upon significant performance differences in three of the five fitness events: bench press, 300 meter sprint, and push-ups.
Female
PATs are often used to demonstrate appropriate strength, endurance, and conditioning to perform police work. What does the acronym PAT stand for?
Physical Agility Test
Who is commonly recognized as the pioneer of modern police management systems?
August Vollmer
At the foundation of the police hierarchy are the individuals responsible for performing the actual police duties within the organization, commonly known or referred to as _____.
Line personnel or patrol officers.
The increased risk of ____ assault to police has caused some community activists to fear that police departments will abandon the progress that they have made in their community policing efforts and resort to a more militaristic style of law enforcement.
Physical
There has always been considerable controversy over the accuracy of ____ tests, which raises the problem of rejecting some qualified applicants while accepting others who are deceitful.
Polygraph
Tests of ____ include background investigations, drug tests, and polygraph examinations.
Morality
During which era of policing was the USA PATRIOT ACT enacted, introducing new roles and expanding enforcement powers?
Homeland Security Era of Policing
This terminology is employed to denote the ratio of supervisors to subordinates.
Span of Control
The use of _____ technologies, such as facial recognition, body cameras, and data analytics, raises concerns about privacy, civil liberties, and potential misuse.
Surveillance
____ action programs are intended to prevent discrimination in the current hiring and promotional practices.
Affirmative
_____ points are added to the test scores of applicants if they have prior service experience or exceed the minimum educational standards.
Preference
The ____ era of policing was intended to counter paramilitary/military organization, specialization, and enhanced technology.
Community-Policing Era of Policing
What is the term for an organizational design or substructure that arranges an organization's primary units based on geographical locations?
Place Design
The issue of ____ raises the question about the basis upon which the police claim to have legitimate authority over other citizens.
Public Trust in Police
The upper age limit has been called into question as a result of what 1990 Act, which prohibits age discrimination with respect to those over the age of 40?
Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1990
Some experts have observed that 90% of police departments require some form of a ____ evaluation of applicants, typically utilizing the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
Psychological
In the closing stages of the political era of policing, this commission was established in response to worries about increasing crime rates and public discontentment with the criminal justice system, particularly the policing sector.
Wickersham Commission
What is the substructure within the textbook that pertains to establishing positions and departments based on specialized activities?
Functional Design
Calls for improved _____ for law enforcement officers, focusing on de-escalation, conflict resolution, and cultural competency, have gained momentum.
Institutional
This term refers to a battery of tests or hurdles that must be completed in succession before a recruit can become a police officer.
Multiple-Hurdle Procedure