Eyewitness
In creating a photo line-up, best practices require the suspect along with at least 5 additional photos of people who resemble the suspect, called this.
What are fillers?
Database(s) used by law enforcement to locate and identify suspect fingerprints.
What is AFIS? (Automated Fingerprint Identification System)
In the first step of collecting and preserving evidence at a crime scene, it is important to take photos from 3 types of perspectives.
What are wide angle, mid-range and close up?
The term used to describe a shoeprint pattern left in soft soil, sand or mud.
What is Impression?
The study of crime from a social perspective where experts examine who commits crimes, why the commit them, and the impact of crimes on society.
What is Criminology?
The misconception that our brain has a miniature person recording the events we experience as if they were in a movie.
What is the Homunculus fallacy?
Prints produced by the transfer of oils, water, salts and residues that must be processed with the use of powder and brush, or other chemicals, to be made visible.
What are Latent Prints?
What is the Frye Standard?
The term used to describe a shoeprint found on a tile floor produced after a suspect stepped in fresh tar or paint.
What is Imprint or Patent?
The study of victims affected by crime, accidents or natural disasters.
What is Victimology?
The term drawn from research findings that suggests witnesses who belong to one race tend to have greater difficulty identifying facial features of suspects from a different race.
What is Cross Racial Generalization?
This study identified inconsistencies among "expert" fingerprint examiners and helped to improve the practice of fingerprint matching.
What is the Southampton Study?
Locard's Principle is also known by this term that describes the principle that when 2 objects contact each other there is an exchange of physical properties.
What is Mutual Exchange?
The name of the substance that, when mixed with water and stirred to produce a "pancake batter" consistency, can then be poured into a shoe impression to produce a 3-dimensional casting.
What is Dental Stone?
Step of the profiling process where investigators objectively collect as much information as possible about the crime while intentionally avoiding any information about the suspect.
What is Input?
Term to describe the behavior of the line-up administrator (officer), such as the words they use or the gestures they make in the presence of a witness that could affect the witness who later testifies in court.
What is Confidence Malleability?
Fingerprints have this property that is associated with the fact that by coding and classifying minutiae, they can be used as a basis for comparison and to identify an individual.
What is Uniqueness?
The Daubert standard, regarding the admissibility of forensic evidence into court, states:
What is the judge must determine whether the evidence is based on scientifically valid reasoning?
Term used to describe shoeprint impression evidence that is left by a specific wear pattern, object in the tread or missing part of the tread.
What is Individual (Accidental)?
Leaving a homicide victim in a distinct position, leaving something at a crime scene, or writing similar messages to police at multiple crime scenes.
What is a "Signature"?
This System Variable occurs when the line-up administrator does not know who the suspect is or whether the suspect is included in the photo line-up and notifies the witness of this possibility.
What is Double-Blind Process
The term used when referring to the unique characteristics such as the type and arrangement of friction ridges found on a fingerprint.
What is minutia?
The process of properly collecting, cataloging, storing and documenting the custody of crime scene evidence.
What is Chain of Custody?
The term used to describe the object onto which casting material is poured so as to avoid damaging the impression.
What is Intermediate Surface/Device?
Factors such as impulsiveness, poor self-image, anxious or addictive behaviors, or aggressive nature are evaluated to determine this term.
What is Victim Risk?