English Policing: Our English Heritage
American Policing
New Experiments in London
Policing Eras
English policing: Terms
100
Precursors to modern-day sheriffs
leaders of shires and were appointed by the king
What is shire reeve?
100
During this century, the most common form of American law enforcement was the system of constables in the daytime and the watch at night.
What is the 18th century?
100
-Bow Street Runners Magistrate
-Organized "thief takers" to pursue criminals
Who is Henry Fielding?
100
-Sought to remove political involvement by the police
-Civil service systems were created to eliminate political patronage
-Focus on crime control over social work non crime activities
What is The Reform era?
100
A method developed in early England for citizens to summons assistance from fellow members of the community.
What is a hue and cry?
200
Traced back to Anglo Saxon times
Unspecialized
Duties included collecting taxes, supervising highways and serving as magistrate
Hint: Given control over nightwatch
Unpaid, little prestige or popularity
What is a constable?
200
Defined slaves as property and gave masters the right to control slaves through discipline and punishment
What are Slave Codes?
200
-London Magistrate
-Focused on Police reform
-Police should maintain the public order, prevent and detect crime, and correct bad manners and morals
-The beginnings of proactive policing (preventing crime before it occurs)
Who is Patrick Colquhoun?
200
-Spanned from 1840's to 1930's
-First move to improve policing began in New York, 1836
Police reform efforts spured by the murder of Mary Rogers in 1841
What is the political era?
200
A rudimetary form of policing designed to protect against crime, disturbances and fire. All men were required to serve on it.
What is watch and ward?
300
-Determined cause of death and the party responsible for if it
-Determine cause of all deaths by violence or under suspicious circumstances
What is a Coroner?
300
Legal mechanism for enforcing slave codes
What is slave patrols?
300
-Established the Metropolitian Police Force
-Known as the father of modern policing
-Force should be used by police only as a last resort
Who is Sir Robert Peel?
300
Spurred from 1980's to Present
-Team policing
Problem oriented approach to policing
What is Community Era?
300
Metropolitan Police were organized around this type of system in which officers were assigned to small permanent posts essentially making the officer apart of the neighborhood life.
What is a beat system?
400
-Appeared as early as 1195 in England
-Presided over criminal trials, issued warrants for arrests
What is Justice of the Peace?
400
This city created the first organized American police department in the North
What is Boston?
400
400
Key period in development of police professionalism
Key innovations include:
-Police school
-Formal police training
-Criminal Investigation lad
What is the Era of August Vollmer?
400
Principles developed to define an ethical police force
Peelian Principles
500
Private citizens with no official status were paid by the king for every criminal arrested
similar to the bounty hunter of American West.
Who are Thief-takers?