Legal Issues in Policing
This level of evidence would lead a reasonable person to believe a specific individual committed a crime.
What is probable cause?
This occurs when officers use more force than necessary to gain compliance.
What is excessive force?
This doctrine allows officers to seize evidence that is clearly visible during a lawful search.
What is the Plain View Doctrine?
Good police-community relations help build this essential ingredient of effective policing.
What is trust?
Police corruption is the abuse of power for personal or professional this.
What is gain?
This amendment protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures.
What is the Fourth Amendment?
Tasers, pepper spray, batons, and beanbag guns are examples of these weapons.
What are less-lethal weapons?
This Supreme Court case established the legality of stop-and-frisk procedures.
What is Terry v. Ohio?
Stopping someone solely because of their race, ethnicity, or nationality is known as this.
What is racial profiling?
Free meals, coffee, or gifts accepted from businesses are known as these.
What are gratuities?
The act of taking an individual into police custody.
What is an arrest?
This type of force has a high probability of causing death or serious bodily injury.
What is deadly force?
Police must give this warning before conducting a custodial interrogation.
What is the Miranda Warning?
This term refers to discriminatory police practices directed toward certain groups.
What is biased policing?
This form of corruption involves illegal acts committed specifically in relation to an officer's position.
What is role malfeasance?
Daily Double
This rule prevents illegally obtained evidence from being used in criminal court proceedings.
What is the exclusionary rule?
One of the two situations that generally justifies deadly force is the defense of self or these individuals.
Who are others?
This Miranda right allows a suspect to stop answering questions at any time.
What is the right to remain silent?
When police and citizens work together to reduce crime and maintain order, they form this.
What is a community partnership?
Following September 11, 2001, police agencies increased training in these preparedness efforts.
What are counterterrorism measures?
Police generally need probable cause and this legal document before entering a person's home to make an arrest.
What is a warrant?
Deadly force may be used against a fleeing suspect only when this type of threat exists.
What is an imminent threat of death or great bodily harm?
DAILY DOUBLE
Evidence obtained through coercion, physical abuse, or psychological manipulation is considered this in court.
What is inadmissible evidence?
Even when officers are acting appropriately, the public may still perceive police actions as this.
What is biased?
Along with intentionally violating due process rights, these are among the most serious forms of police corruption.
What are violent crimes?