The Quasi-Military & Bureaucratic Model
This organizational style, adopted by American police from Robert Peel’s 1829 London Metropolitan Police plan, features military-style ranks, uniforms, and a hierarchical command structure.
What is the quasi-military style?
The "workforce crisis" in policing is caused by three threats: fewer applicants, more early resignations, and this.
What is a growing number of officers becoming eligible for retirement?
This mentality, contrasted with the "warrior" approach, emphasizes service to the public and finding peaceful ways to resolve encounters.
What is the guardian mentality?
This is the method of determining conditions of employment through bilateral negotiations between the employer and a legally authorized union.
What is collective bargaining?
This technological tool, first implemented in New York City in 1994, uses timely intelligence and accountability meetings to drive crime control.
What is COMPSTAT?
In a bureaucracy, this principle ensures that each employee answers to one, and only one, supervisor.
What is unity of command?
Despite the "warrior" stereotype, research shows that recruits are primarily motivated by these two factors.
What are the nature of police work and material benefits?
Targeted retraining for officers with performance problems often identified by early intervention systems.
Remedial Training
Founded in 1915, this is the oldest and largest police organization in the United States, representing roughly 330,000 members.
What is the Fraternal Order of Police (FOP)?
This theory suggests that police organizations conform to the expectations of powerful external actors to gain legitimacy and cultural support.
What is institutional theory?
These informal networks of officers, categorized as either vertical or horizontal, are often formed to protect members from "administrative BS."
What are cliques?
This 2018 national initiative aims to reach gender parity by ensuring 30 percent of police recruit classes are women by the year 2030
What is the 30x30 initiative?
his popular de-escalation program integrates communications, assessment, and tactics to help officers handle non-firearms incidents non-violently.
What is ICAT?
These are the four formal hierarchies typically outlined under civil service systems that stratify police organizational members.
What are rewards, seniority, status, and rank hierarchies?
Under this theory, organizations change their structure and strategy to accommodate those who provide funding
What is resource dependency theory?
This term refers to decreasing the social and administrative distance between a beat officer and the chief of police to empower lower-ranking officers.
What is delayerizing?
While most departments only require a high school diploma, some agencies now offer this incentive to attract better-qualified candidates.
What is an employment signing bonus? (Note: some agencies offer as much as $75,000).
This teaching method is now preferred over classroom lectures because it requires recruits to engage in mock role-playing and mock situations.
What is scenario-based (or reality-based) training?
This common job action, used when strikes are illegal, involves a deliberate disruption of duties where many officers claim they are sick at once.
What is the "blue flu"?
This alternative to standard police hierarchies involves a group of officers from different ranks or agencies working together to solve a specific crime problem.
What is a task force?
List three critiques of the Quasi-Military Style of Policing
1. Cultivates and "Us vs. Them" attitude
2. Encourages an inappropriate "war on crime" mentality
3. Creates an authoritarian style, which clashes with democratic principles.
What is the automatic disqualification for a police officer, and why.
Any felony, Felons are unable to possess firearms.
Fair and impartial Policing (FIP) addresses what concept.
Unconscious/Implicit Biases
These are formal, legally binding procedures governing personnel decisions to ensure they are based on objective criteria rather than political influence.
What is civil service?
This theory, currently dominant in the field, assumes police organizations are rational entities and adapt their structure to be most effective and efficient at achieving specific goals (e.g., crime control).
What is contingency theory?