History of Juvenile Policing
Early English system in which neighbors protected each other from thieves and warring groups.
What is Pledge System?
Police strategy that emphasizes fear reduction, community organization, and order maintenance rather than crime fighting.
What is Community Policing?
Police methods of investigation and control are inclusive of these
What are the arrest procedure, search and seizure, and custodial interrogation.
targeting gang areas and arresting members for any law violations but not proven to be effective against gangs
What is Saturation Patrol?
Court limited a police officer’s ability to search a vehicle for evidence
What is Arizona v. Gant,2009?
Replaced the pledge system in England; watchmen patrolled urban areas at night to provide protection from harm.
Police officers who specialize in dealing with juvenile offenders; they may operate alone or as part of a juvenile police unit in the department.
Who are Juvenile Officers?
Taking a person into the custody of the law to restrain the accused until he or she can be held accountable for the offense in court proceedings.
One of the most important institutions playing a role in delinquency prevention
What are Schools?
the Supreme Court placed constitutional limitations on police interrogation procedures with adult offenders
What is the Miranda v. Arizona, 1966?
the first organized police force established in London in 1829
What is the "bobbies"?
Conflicts police officers face that revolve around the requirement to perform their primary duty of law enforcement and a desire to aid in rehabilitating youthful offenders
What is Role Conflicts?
Reasonable grounds to believe the existence of facts that an offense was committed and that the accused committed that offense.
What is Probable Cause?
was developed among a number of Arizona police departments in an effort to reduce adolescent involvement in criminal behavior
What is The Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) Program?
stated that constitutional privileges against self-incrimination are applicable in juvenile cases too
What is The Supreme Court case of in re Gault?
most famous police reformer of the 1930s
Who is August Vollmer?
A person who has access to criminal networks and shares information with authorities in exchange for money or special treatment under conditions of anonymity
What is an Informant?
Latin for “in place of the parent”
What is loco parentis?
concept based on the premise that the police can carry out their duties more effectively if they gain the trust and assistance of concerned citizens
What is Community Policing?
ruled that age does matter and that greater care must be taken by the police when questioning children in their custody
What is J.D.B. v. North Carolina?
an agency set up to fund justice-related programs and acted as a catalyst for developing hundreds of new police programs and enhancing police services for children.
What is Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA)?
Law enforcement that focuses on addressing the problems underlying incidents of juvenile delinquency rather than the incidents alone.
What is Problem-Oriented Policing?
The U.S. Constitution protects citizens from this by police without a lawfully obtained search warrant; such warrants are issued when there is probable cause to believe that an offense has been committed.
What is Search and Seizure?
A focused deterrence strategy that involves applying all available measures or “levers” to police as well as communicating with offenders to reduce a targeted delinquent problem.
What is Pulling Levers Policing?
the court said that the question of a child’s waiver is to be determined by the totality of the circumstances doctrine
What is People v. Lara?