Early Policy Process
What governments choose to do or not to do.
What is policy
Arguing that the problem is not what it appears, and not appropriate for government
What is agenda denial?
systematic explanation for the observations that related to a particular aspect of life
What is a theory
Space where relevant actors discuss policy issues and bargain in pursuit of their interests
what are policy subsystems
This step of the policy process is often ignored, yet important
what is policy evaluation
The most important part of the policy process
What is problem identification
includes the list of issues the government has decided to address
Decision or formal agenda
This has three streams
What is the multiple streams framework
When a higher level of government overrides or prevents a lower level of government from governing
What is preemption
These are considered the laboratories of democracy
What are the states
this includes actors from agencies, congressional committees, and interest groups
what is the iron triangle
Societal concerns wane, bigger problems arise, problem definition change
Loss of agenda status
This is used to study policy transfer
What is the innovation and diffission framework?
This actor is the main agenda setter
What is the executive branch/president. What unofficial actors set the agenda?
This is inevitable in the policy process and is grounded in perceptions
What is policy failure
insufficient budget, revolving door, pervasive client mindset, revolving door.
What is a captured agency
These are used to set the agenda
Stories/symbols
Positive or negative payoffs to participate
What is an incentive policy tool
Only these actors can make policy
what are official actors
The most difficult part of the policy process
What is implementation
The process of defining, considering, and accepting or rejecting options
what is policy formation
counter to the goal of security
What is liberty
This group has a positive social construction but has little power.
Who are dependents
Used by interest groups to transmit their narratives to gain public support
Voluntary, direct coercive, and indirect coercive or types of this.
What is policy transfer