Transmission
How is poliovirus primarily transmitted?
Fecal-oral route.
What is the most common symptom of polio?
Most cases are asymptomatic
Name one type of vaccine used to prevent polio.
Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV).
Who developed the first inactivated polio vaccine?
Dr. Jonas Salk.
Which continent was declared polio-free in 2020?
Africa
Name one bodily fluid through which poliovirus can be transmitted.
Sliva
What is the term for the mild, flu-like symptoms of polio?
Abortive polio.
Which type of polio vaccine is given orally?
Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV).
Who developed the oral polio vaccine?
Dr. Albert Sabin.
Name one of the last two countries where polio is still endemic.
Afghanistan or Pakistan.
What environmental factor contributes to the spread of poliovirus in developing countries?
Poor sanitation
What severe neurological condition can poliovirus cause?
Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP
What is the primary benefit of OPV over IPV?
OPV induces intestinal immunity and provides herd protection.
which decade did widespread vaccination campaigns for polio begin?
1950s
How is wild poliovirus detected in a population?
By testing environmental sewage samples.
What type of insects, though rare, can indirectly spread poliovirus?
Flies (through fecal contamination).
Which muscle groups are most often affected in paralytic polio?
Limbs (especially lower limbs).
What is a rare but serious complication of OPV?
Vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP).
What year was the Global Polio Eradication Initiative launched?
1988
What is the target percentage for polio vaccination coverage to achieve herd immunity?
At least 80%
Can poliovirus spread through blood transfusion? Explain briefly.
Very rarely; only if the donor is in the viremic phase of infection.
Name the syndrome that can occur decades after a polio infection.
Post-polio syndromes
How many doses of IPV are recommended in a standard immunization schedule?
Four doses.
Name one U.S. president who survived polio.
Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR).
What is the primary cause of vaccine-derived polio outbreaks?
Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) from OPV in under-vaccinated populations.