American Revolution
Most English colonies in North America developed constitutions (True or False?).
True
In the early 1800s, Germany and Italy were unified countries (True or False?).
False
During the Industrial Age, the middle class shrank (True or False?).
False
What is the basic definition of nationalism?
The desire of people who share the same customs, language, and beliefs.
Utilitarianism
The greatest majority's happiness.
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson.
Who were part of the Second Estate in France during its revolution?
The nobility class in pre-revolutionary France.
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?
Natural resources, capital, and labor.
How did the conquests of Napoleon Bonaparte actually help spread nationalism across Europe?
This shared dislike of a foreign invader strengthened their loyalty to their own local customs and independence.
Liberalism
Individual political liberty.
What is "popular sovereignty" in the American Constitution?
People hold power.
Who were part of the Third Estate in France during its revolution?
Commoners or peasants in France paid most of the taxes.
What did the working class (proletariat) do to demand better conditions?
Formed labor unions.
Why was nationalism considered a threat to large empires like the Austrian Empire or the Ottoman Empire?
Nationalism encouraged those specific groups to break away and form their own countries.
Proletariat
Industrial working class.
Where did the independence war begin in the USA?
Lexington and Concord (Massachusetts)
What caused the 1789 French Revolution?
Inequality and debt.
What is urbanization?
Moving to cities.
Who led the nationalist independence movements in South America?
Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín.
Socialism
Community-owned production.
What ended the Revolutionary War?
Treaty of Paris.
What was the Reign of Terror?
Mass revolutionary executions.
Who was James Watt?
A British engineer who invented the steam engine.
What inspired Latin American nationalist revolutions?
Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution.
Middle Class
Growing professional group.