Medieval Europe
After the fall of the western part of the Roman empire a new social, economic and political structure called ______________ developed to create order and stability.
feudalism
Which province in Rome became the Byzantine Empire?
Eastern province survived and grew into the great Byzantine Empire.
What were civil service exams used for used for?
Civil service exams were used to identify people who were qualified for government positions
-Leaders sought wealth & tribute
-Muslims were unified by faith
Who were the Mongolians and where were they located?
A.The Mongols were nomads from the eastern steppe (fields) in loosely organized clans.
What is feudalism?
Feudalism was a decentralized, or loosely organized system of rule based on land ownership.
Under which two rulers did the Byzantine Empire reach its height?
Justinian and Theodora
What philosophy was important to Song society?
Confucianism
Why did the people of the Muslim faith divide?
What were the names of the two group?
Shi’as: Believe that Muhammad’s relatives should lead Islam
Sunnis – Believe Muhammad’s followers vote and choose the next Caliph
Who unified the Mongols?
Genghis Khan
Feudalism created stability through which system?
The manor system or manorialism
At the height of the Byzantine empire the Emperor set up a commission to collect and revise all of the Roman laws. What was the outcome of this?
The Justinian Code
Why was trade on the silk road so prosperous during the Tang and Song dynasty?
The peace that the Tang and Song governments created encouraged trade throughout the empire
What change was the Umayyad caliphate responsible for?
Significant expansion occurred in North Africa, Spain and Central Asia, and Indus Valley
What made the Mongols so powerful? (name at least 2 things)
A.Mongols were skilled horsemen
B.Weapons
1. bows, swords, javelins, hooked lances, canons
C. Terrified enemies into surrender
Who were the social classes made up of during Medieval Europe and in what order?
Roman Catholic Church/Pope, Kings (Monarchs) Lords, Knights and Vassals, Serfs and Peasants,
What steps did the 2 Byzantine rulers take in order to gain and maintain power? (name at least one)
-developed a centralized government
- were autocrats, sole leaders with complete authority. They had political and religious power.
- military conquest
Why was China one of the most technologically advanced civilizations in the world during the Tang (618–906) and Song (960–1279) Dynasties?
Innovation in:
art, science, philosophy, and technology
During which caliphate was there a Golden Age for the Muslims?
Abbasid Caliphate
What was Kublai Kahn's impact on China? (name two things)
-United China for the first time in over 300 years.
-Opened Asia to greater trade on the Silk Road.
Which social class was the most powerful and why (give at least two reasons)?
Roman Catholic Church/Pope
1. popes claimed papal supremacy, or authority over all secular rulers, including kings and emperors.
2. developed their own body of laws, known as canon law, as well as its own courts. Anyone who disobeyed Church law faced a range of penalties.
3. excommunication: Those who were excommunicated could not receive the sacraments or a Christian burial, which condemned them to hell for eternity.
Why did people of Constantinople come together against Justinian and Theodora in 532 CE in an event known as the Nika Riots.
As a result of increased taxes and harsh laws
What innovations were the Tang and Song dynasty famous for? (list 3)
-magnetic compass
-Gun powder
- printing money
Name at least three things that led to the Golden Age under the most important Muslim caliphate.
-Economic Prosperity
-New technologies and advancements included the Astrolabe, paper from China, use of Arabic numbers, medical advancements, Algebra
-house of wisdom
What is Pax Mongolica and why did it happen? (name two reasons)
Mongol Peace
A.The Mongols provided stability and order across Eurasia.
B.Traders and travelers enjoyed safety along the Silk Road.