G1
a) Federal government
b) Provincial government
c) Central government
d) Local councils
c) Central government ✅
2. In a federal system, power is:
a) Centralized
b) Divided between national and state governments
c) Only given to the president
d) Controlled by the army
b) Divided between national and state governments
3. Which of the following is a unitary state:
a) India
b) USA
c) Egypt
d) Switzerland
c) Egypt ✅
4. True or False: In a presidential system, the president is both the head of state and the head of government.
Answer: ✅ True
5. Democracy comes from Greek words meaning:
a) Rule by the king
b) Rule by the people
c) Power of the few
d) Power of the state
b) Rule by the people ✅
6. In a parliamentary system, the head of government is the:
a) President
b) Monarch
c) Prime Minister
d) Speaker of Parliament
c) Prime Minister ✅
7. True or False: In a presidential system, the president is elected by parliament.
Answer: ❌ False
8. Which of the following best describes a fusion of powers:
a) Separation between the three branches
b) Overlap between the executive and legislative branches
c) Independence of the judiciary
d) None of the above
b) Overlap between the executive and legislative branches ✅
9. Which of these is an example of a federal state:
a) France
b) Germany
c) Oman
d) Spain
b) Germany ✅
10. In a parliamentary monarchy, the monarch:
a) Has complete power
b) Shares power equally with parliament
c) Has no real political power
d) Appoints all ministers
c) Has no real political power ✅
Which of these systems is characterized by a separation of powers:
a) Parliamentary
b) Presidential
c) Dictatorship
d) Oligarchy
b) Presidential ✅
In a theocracy, laws are based on:
a) The ruler’s decisions
b) Religious books
c) The constitution only
d) International law
b) Religious books ✅
Dictators usually come to power by:
a) Fair elections
b) Hereditary succession
c) Force or fraud
d) Religious authority
c) Force or fraud ✅
An absolute monarchy differs from a constitutional monarchy because:
a) It is based on elections
b) The monarch has total authority
c) The prime minister rules
d) It separates religion and politics
b) The monarch has total authority ✅
Which of these describes representative democracy:
a) Citizens vote directly on every issue
b) People elect officials who represent them
c) No elections are held
d) The military chooses the leader
b) People elect officials who represent them ✅
In an authoritarian system, power is held by:
a) A single or small group of leaders
b) All citizens equally
c) Parliament only
d) Judges and courts
a) A single or small group of leaders ✅
Which of the following is true of totalitarianism:
a) It allows free political opposition
b) It controls all aspects of citizens’ lives
c) It encourages freedom of speech
d) It tolerates independent media
b) It controls all aspects of citizens’ lives ✅
The term fascism refers to:
a) Rule by a few elites
b) Rule based on racial or national superiority
c) Rule by the military only
d) Rule by religious law
b) Rule based on racial or national superiority ✅
True or False: Authoritarian regimes usually suppress all traditional social organizations.
Answer: ❌ False
Oligarchy means:
a) Rule by one person
b) Rule by the few
c) Rule by the people
d) Rule by law
b) Rule by the few ✅
Briefly explain one key difference between dictatorship and authoritarianism.
Answer: Dictatorship centers on a single charismatic leader, while authoritarianism may be shared by a small group without such personal cults.
What is the main feature that distinguishes totalitarianism from authoritarianism?
Answer: Totalitarianism aims to control every part of citizens’ lives, including ideology and private matters.
Define pseudo-democracy.
Answer: A system that holds elections but restricts freedoms and lacks real citizen choice.
What is meant by illiberal democracy?
Answer: A democracy where leaders are elected but use power to limit freedoms and weaken checks and balances.
Explain the idea of a hybrid regime.
Answer: A government combining democratic and authoritarian elements, appearing democratic while maintaining autocratic control.