Stages for a bill to become law
Once both the Senate and the House of Commons have passed a bill in identical form, in both official languages, the bill is given to the Governor General for approval.
Royal Assent
In this system, the candidate with the most votes wins—even if a majority of voters chose someone else.
First Past the Post
In this system, the head of government is chosen by the legislature and can be removed by a vote of no confidence.
Parliamentary System
This country’s ruling Communist Party controls all branches of government, restricts the internet, and uses a “Social Credit System” to monitor citizens.
China
This international organization was created in 1945 after World War II to promote peace, cooperation, and human rights.
The United Nations
The parliamentarian proposing the bill will introduce it in the parliamentarian’s chamber, but it will not be debated or voted upon.
First Reading
In this voting system, a party that gets 40% of the vote should get around 40% of the seats.
Proportional Representation
In this system, citizens vote separately for the executive and the legislature, who may come from different parties.
Presidential System
In this absolute monarchy, the king holds all power, political parties are banned, and laws are based on strict Islamic interpretations.
Saudi Arabia
This body of the UN includes all 193 member states, where each country gets one vote—but resolutions are not legally binding.
The General Assembly
During this stage, the bill is studied in detail by a smaller group of parliamentarians who hold hearings, examine the details of the bill in-depth and make changes to it.
Committee Stage
This proportional system uses ranked ballots and multi-member districts to reflect the diversity of voter preferences.
Ranked Choice/Single Transferable Vote
This system often has stronger party discipline, faster law-making, and more flexible election dates.
Parliamentary System
This country is ruled by a family dynasty, bans opposition, and uses surveillance, propaganda, and prison camps to control its population.
North Korea
This powerful UN organ can authorize military action, sanctions, or peacekeeping—and its 5 permanent members have veto power.
The Security Council
During this stage, parliamentarians debate the principle (or main idea) of the bill for the first time. It is then voted upon, if a majority of representatives support it, it moves on to the next stage, if a majority rejects it dies.
Second Reading
This made-in-Canada system blends city-friendly ranked ballots with rural top-up seats to keep representation fair across regions.
Rural-Urban Proportional
This system features fixed terms, a clear separation of powers, and a directly elected head of government.
Presidential System
In this theocracy, real power lies with the unelected Supreme Leader and Guardian Council, which can veto laws and disqualify election candidates.
Iran
Known for their blue helmets, these UN forces are sent to monitor ceasefires, protect civilians, and help rebuild after conflict.
UN Peacekeepers
During this stage, parliamentarians debate the final form of the bill and vote to decide if it should be sent to the other chamber.
Third Reading
This mixed system gives voters two votes—one for a local candidate and one for a party—to make overall results more fair.
Mixed-Member Proportional
In this hybrid system, power is shared between a president and a prime minister—often leading to “cohabitation.”
Semi-Presidential
This feature is common in non-democratic regimes and involves the government closely monitoring citizens to prevent dissent.
Surveillance
This UN body, based in The Hague, settles legal disputes between countries—but relies on member cooperation to enforce its rulings.
International Court of Justice