Global political economy, trade, and finance
What is Globalization?
It refers to the period of increased integration in markets since the 1970s
What is the WTO?
A permanent institution covering services, intellectual property, and investment issues as well as pure merchandise trade.
What are some characteristics of Poverty in a country? (I'll take three)
Weak currency, inflation
Low GDP
Reliance on foreign aid
High unemployment
Low standard of living
Corrupt govt
Limited health care
Inequality
Weak infrastructure
Low wages
What is a Refugee?
A refugee is someone forced to leave their country due to political persecution.
Why did health become a global issue?
Health became a global issue during the late
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
What did The 1944 Bretton Woods Conference seek to accomplish?
It aimed to prevent another economic depression like the one in the 1930s, which had caused high unemployment and helped fascist regimes gain power.
What are two ways countries work together in a region?
Cooperation and Integration
What is the orthodox approach to alleviation poverty in the world?
It emphasizes economic growth and integration with global markets, especially through free trade.
Who doesn't count as a refugee?
People fleeing for other reasons (like poverty, environmental disasters, or criminal violence) are not automatically protected under refugee law.
Why did health become a global issue?
The realization that war and disease are related,
and that health can pose a threat to state
security
The globalization of health and disease that
accompanied the globalization of world trade
Two major organizations created in the 1940s to keep the global economy stable are
World Bank and IMF
What is the concept of Integration?
Countries remove barriers between them and create a shared set of rules for the region. Economic integration can range from free trade areas to more unified markets, where countries act together on international trade matters and sometimes even share governance responsibilities.
These groups see poverty as stemming not just from a lack of income but from a lack of an environment that supports social, spiritual, and community well-being.
What are the types of forced migration and what do they mean?
Voluntary: Voluntary migration happens when people choose to move, often for better job opportunities or living conditions.
Forced: forced migration, also called displacement, occurs when people are forced to leave their homes due to threats like war, natural disasters, or violence.
The principal actor in global health governance is?
The World Health Organization (WHO)
What is the critical approach to international political economy?
Believes that IPE only benefits the stronger capitalist counties and served to heighten inequality in the global south.
What is the concept of cooperation?
It means countries work together in specific areas without merging rules or giving up any major independence.
How did the Paris Agreement try to ensure that countries kept global warming well below 2˚C?
It asks all parties to publicly announce 'nationally determined contributions' that set goals for emissions reductions.
What's the weakness of using biological weapons?
They are hard to control and can cause deaths on both sides.
What is securitization and what are its drawbacks?
Securitization of health describes the process
by which a health issue traverses politics as
normal to become a security concern.
Cons:
Risk of human rights and civil liberties infringement.
Overstretches concept of security
Creates more panic and anxiety than it allays
What are some major drivers of globalization?
Neoliberalism, corporate power, technology, and rising powers/state power.
For what purpose was the EU first started?
In the 1950s, a group of six nations agreed to share control over industries like coal and steel. Born from desire of reconciliation between France and Germany. Over time, these countries started to work together on other areas, including trade, agriculture, and transportation, which helped create a single, shared market across Europe.
What was the Montreal Protocol? was it effective?
The Montreal Protocol, an agreement to protect the ozone layer, shows how effective international cooperation can be, as it worked.
What are some consequences that could occur due to Nuclear Winter?
• 150 million tons of smoke in the stratosphere would cause minimum daily temperatures to drop.
• Average global precipitation would be reduced by 45% due to the prolonged cold.
• Growing seasons would be virtually eliminated for many years.
• Massive destruction of the protective ozone layer.
What is Medicalization of security and what is an example of it?
Medicalization of security refers to how insecurity in international relations is increasingly caused by health and is dependent on medicalized solutions and scientific actors
Example:
Covid-19. States that can create, produce, and purchase vaccines are able to keep citizens more secure than other who might not have it.