Madison's Republic
Madison famously claims that if men were these, no government would be necessary
Angels
This state has 67 times more representation per person than California in the US Senate
Wyoming
Per Mayhew, members of Congress are primarily motivated by this
Winning reelection
The 2000 and 2016 presidential elections are the most recent examples of something which has happened 5 times in US history
An electoral inversion
The Supreme Court increasingly issues major rulings using this secretive process, rather than the traditional merits docket
The shadow docket
Before the 12th Amendment (1804), this was the way someone became vice president
Coming in 2nd in a presidential election
The process whereby the two parties polarized on race & civil rights in the mid/late 1900s
Racial realignment
This state is expected to lose the most House districts (5) after the 2030 census and reapportionment
California
While reelection rates remain high, this advantage is declining in congressional elections
The incumbency advantage
Approval of the Supreme Court sharply polarized after this famous 2022 case
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
Madison co-drafted this proposal and unsuccessfully pitched it at the Constitutional Convention, whereby the House of Representatives would elect the members of other branches
Virginia Plan
Eric Holder (fmr AG), Newt Gingrich (fmr Speaker), Lloyd Austin (fmr SecDef), & Rex Tillerson (fmr SoS) are examples of this oft-criticized ethical problem
The revolving door
This spatial model combines legislator ideology and left-right policy positions to predict legislative policy outcomes
The pivotal politics model
Another word for the cognitive shortcuts that help voters behave "rationally" despite being ignorant about the candidates
Heuristics
This many votes would be needed in the Senate to abolish the filibuster
A majority of senators (either 51 or 50 + VP)
This 1786 uprising highlighted the failures of the Articles of Confederation and helped motivate the Constitutional Convention
Shay's Rebellion
In this theory of representation, business interest groups are represented more strongly than any other set of actors
This is the last war formally declared by Congress
World War 2
The act of voting for a presidential candidate from one party and a congressional candidate from another is an example of this
Split-ticket voting
The secret ballot, primary elections, and the direct election of senators were all introduced in this "era" of US politics
Edmund Randolph, the Governor of Virginia, opened the Constitutional Convention with a speech on this "chief danger"
Democracy
This two-word phrase describes when representatives do not act in the interests of the faction they represent
Agency loss
This former Democratic US senator helped build a personal brand with a campaign ad shooting an Obama-backed cap and trade bill
Joe Manchin (D-WV)
This Republican president "won" the 1876 election without winning the national popular vote by making a deal with southern Democrats to end Reconstruction
Rutherford B. Hayes
The emergence of of this party in 1828 signaled the end of the "Era of Good Feelings" and the beginning of the Second Party System
The Democratic Party