Chapter 1:What is Politics?
The philosophical tradition of studying politics focuses on what types of questions?
What ought to be? What should be?
What are the three classical political ideologies?
2. Conservativism
3. Socialism
__________ states believe that the role of the state is the construction of an all-embracing state, the influence of which penetrates every aspect of human existence.
Totalitarian States
___________ is the rightfulness of a regime or
system of rule.
Legitimacy
______ ________ : A network of
relationships through which government generates ‘outputs’ (policies) in response to ‘inputs’ (demands or support) from the general public.
Political System
What nationalism was fueled by a climate where national prestige
was linked to the possession of an empire,
and each colonial victory was celebrated
with demonstrations of enthusiasm
Expansionist Nationalism
_______ _______ broadly, is the study of the interaction of politics and
economics.
Political Economy
________ see society as being characterized by social class conflict
Marxists
The prisoner's dilemma is an example of what type of political theory in action?
Rational-Choice Theory or Game Theory
_________ __________ a commitment to an extreme form of individualism; belief in ‘negative’ liberty
Classical Liberalism
________________ States intervene with a view to bringing about broader social restructuring, usually in accordance with principles such as fairness, equality, and social justice
Social Democratic
Which of the following is NOT associated with a "cult of personality?"
A. Napoleon
B. Barack Obama
C. Fidel Castro
D. Ayatollah Khomeini
B. Barack Obama
__________ The application of values and theories drawn from one’s own culture to other groups and peoples; implies bias or distortion.
Ethnocentrism
This form of nationalism is also known as "Civic Nationalism" built around the shared belief in institutions, values, and the rights of individuals
Liberal Nationalism
Which country is known as the home of enterprise capitalism?
The USA
_______ see the nature of society as a means to emphasize that harmony exists amongst competing interests and groups.
Liberals
_ _ _ _ _ is the ability to influence an outcome to
achieve an objective or the ability to influence
someone to act in a way that is contrary to the
way he, she, or they would choose to act.
What is P O W E R
What Classical Ideology has these key ideas associated with it?
community, fraternity, social equality, need, social class, common ownership
Socialism!
A ____________ state is one that intervenes in economic life with the specific purpose of promoting industrial growth and economic development
Developmental State
What are the 3 different types of authority that quests for legitimacy usually create?
1. Traditional - linked to hereditary systems of power. Customs are regarded as legitimate because they’ve always been that way. Patriarchal in form.
2. Charasmatic - Operates entirely through the capacity of a leader to
make direct and personal appeal to followers as a hero or saint.
3. Legal-Rational Authority - links authority to a clearly and legally defined set of rules. Power is attached to an office rather than a person.
What are the three categories of the three worlds classification?
•a capitalist ‘first world’
•communist ‘second world’
•a developing ‘third world’
_______ democracy is a form of democracy that operates through power-sharing and a close association amongst a number of parties or political formations
Consociational democracy
What are the 3 approaches to political economy?
1. State Centric - economic markets are seen as ‘not natural’ and existing
within a social context largely shaped by state power.
2. Classical - individuals (as rationally self-interested creatures) are key economic actors. An unregulated market economy tends towards long-run equilibrium.
3. Marxist - capitalism is a system of class exploitation – social classes are the key economic actors
__________ see the nature of society as traditionally portrayed it as organic, ultimately shaped by the forces of natural necessity
Conservatives
Behavioralism is based upon the belief that social theories should be constructed only on the basis of what?
Observable behavior & Quantifiable data
Modern Liberalism believes in what size of government?
Large!
Classical Liberalism believes in small government
There are four different perspectives of the state... what are they?
1. Idealist Approach: which sees the state as an ethical community underpinned by mutual sympathy
2. Functionalist Approach: Focuses on the role or purpose of state institutions.
3. Organizational Approach: Defines the state as the “public” apparatus of government (e.g. bureaucracy, police, courts, social security system)
4. International Approach: views the state primarily as an actor on the world
stage, as the basic ‘unit’ of international politics .
True or False:
Non-Democratic legitimation takes the form of:
1. Non-competitive & rigged elections
2. Performance legitimation
3. Ideological legitimation
True!
1)Non-competitive or ‘rigged’ elections (China, Russia, USSR)
2)Performance legitimation- based on the ability to deliver, rising living standards, public order,
improved education and health care, etc.
3)Ideological legitimation- establish broader goals and principles that invest the larger regime with a sense of rightfulness
________ ___________ _________: is a system of government in which the executive is drawn from, and (in theory) accountable to, the assembly or parliament.
The Westminister Model
_____ is system of rule based on the belief in, or practice of, government ‘from above’ in which authority is exercised regardless of political consent
Authoritarianism
What is the foundational principle of classical economics?
Individuals are self-interested utility maximizers
___________ has sought to confine religion to a private arena, leaving public life to be organized on a strictly secular basis
Secularism
What does the empirical tradition of studying politics focus on?
Data & Experimentation
True or False:
Communism is associated with the key ideas of tradition, pragmatism, human imperfection, organicism, hierarchy, authority, and property
FALSE:
These key ideas are associated with CONSERVATISM
What state approach views the state as merely a protective body, its core function being to provide a framework of peace and social order within which citizens can conduct their lives as they think best
What are the 5 characteristics of Max Weber's ideal bureaucracy
1. Hierarchy
2. Division of labor
3. meritocracy
4. impersonality
5. rules-based decision making
What are the two types of military regimes covered in our textbooks?
Junta Regimes
Military backed Personalist dictatorships
Which of the following countries is classified as an illiberal democracy?
A. Switzerland
B. Hungary
C. New Zealand
D. South Korea
B. Hungary
China and Russia are sometimes seen as examples of what kind of economic system?
State capitalism
___________ ________________ The theory that there is
no single, overriding conception of the ‘good life’ but, rather, a number of competing and equally legitimate conceptions.
Pluralist Multiculturalism