Electoral Systems
This electoral system is the most common way of electing presidents
Two-round (or majority-runoff)
The newly elected leftist president of this country called a snap election and increased his party's number of seats in parliament from 3 to 159 (out of 225 total)
Sri Lanka
The chief executive and cabinet are subject to assembly confidence in this system of government
Parliamentary
A dissatisfied parliament can use this kind of vote to dissolve the government
No confidence
The US Senate, whose members represent vastly different numbers of citizens, is an example of this
Malapportionment
This category of electoral systems can have either open lists or closed lists
Proportional representation (PR)
He was removed in a coup in 2019 after winning a fourth consecutive presidential election
Former Bolivian president Evo Morales
In a semi-presidential system, when the prime minister and president are of opposing parties, we call it this
Cohabitation
This concept refers to how easy it is for new parties to emerge and win seats in an assembly
Electoral permissiveness
Far-right candidate (and notable TikToker) Călin Georgescu was the surprise 1st place finisher in the first round of this country's presidential election last week
Romania
This electoral system used in the US, UK, Canada, and the Bahamas tends to favor the largest party
First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) (AKA single member district plurality)
This recent UK leader is remembered for mishandling Brexit, holding a disastrous snap election, and having sweet dance moves
Theresa May
A formal agreement between parliamentary parties to jointly rule and share cabinet positions is this type of government
Coalition government
This is when a party gets more than 50% of the seats in an assembly while winning less than 50% of the vote
A manufactured majority
While V-Dem is an increasingly popular measure of democracy in academia, these other two popular measures are funded by the CIA and the State Department
Polity and Freedom House
This phrase refers to the number of seats in an electoral district
District magnitude (M)
This far-right Spanish party rose to prominence in the 2019 election, capitalizing on backlash to the Catalonian constitutional crisis
Vox
Russia, Turkey, and Venezuela are each examples of this kind of political regime
Hybrid ("anocracy" or "semi-democratic" also acceptable)
This theory posits that there is a positive relationship between a country's economic development and its likelihood of being democratic.
Modernization theory
Argentina's President Javier Milei recently gifted a figurine of him wielding a chainsaw to the prime minister of this country
Italy
The colloquial name for Chile's pre-reform electoral system
The binomial system (or "sistema binominal")
He thwarted a 2016 coup in part by facetiming with the public
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
This political scientist railed against the "perils of presidentialism"
Juan Linz
What is Ns in the following equation?
Ns = 1/Σ(Si)2
The effective number of parties
This large yellow activist won a seat in Chile's constitutional assembly
Tía Pikachu