The Big Picture
This type of ballot is used when voters rank their choices in an election
Ordinal
This electoral system is the most common way that countries elect a president
Two-round system (or majority runoff)
This electoral system is used for municipal elections in San Francisco, Oakland, and Minneapolis as well as congressional elections in Maine
Alternative Vote (AV)
This system is the most preferred electoral reform for the US House, according to Shugart, Santucci, Latner, and POLS 222
OLPR
Large parties in Lesotho, South Korea, and Albania have successfully used this tactic to "game" MMP
Decoy lists (aka "dummy lists" or "satellite parties")
The Liberal Party's Democratic Institutions Minister Maryam Monsef mocked this electoral systems equation on the floor of the Canadian Parliament
Gallagher Disproportionality Index (D2)
The world's largest democracy uses this electoral system for its assembly elections
FPTP (India)
Vanuatu is one of the few remaining countries that uses this electoral system
SNTV
Zohran Mamdani could run as the nominee of two different parties in the NYC mayor's race because of this unusual electoral rule
Fusion voting
This system was A-rank in our tier list but none of you suggested it for the US House in Worksheet 5
CLPR
This is the theoretical maximum size of district magnitude (M) in any country
The size of the assembly (S)
This is the more important tier in MMM elections
Nominal tier
Greece, Armenia, and this microstate with a population of under 40,000 are some of the only countries to currently use a majority bonus electoral system for national elections
San Marino
The 2012 US House election is an example of this type of systemic failure
A spurious majority
Los Angeles, a city of 3.9 million people, has this many M=1 city council districts
15
Other than low district magnitude, this is the main reason why parties run in pre-electoral pacts
Legal thresholds
The "zipper system" is a type of gender quota used in Argentina (and many other countries) that requires parties to do this
Alternate male and female candidates on their party lists
STV is used to elect national assemblies (upper or lower chamber) in just these three countries
Ireland, Malta, and Australia
Arizona is one of seven US states that still use this M>1 electoral system for state legislative elections
MNTV
This is the nickname given to the 2021-25 German government consisting of the center-left Social Democratic Party (SDP), the center-right Free Democratic Party (FDP), and the Green Party.
Traffic light (or "stop light")
This is the Seat Product Model for the EXPECTED effective number of seat-winning Parties (NS)
NS = (MS)^(1/6)
Ordered from most (1) to least (3) friendly to small parties, these three allocation formulas are the most popular methods for proportionally allocating seats in an election
LR-Hare, Sainte-Laguë, and D'Hondt
This obscure electoral system is used to elect some offices in Slovenia, Nauru, and Kiribati. It is also used to elect the UCLA Graduate Student Association, select the Heisman Trophy award winner in college football, and determine winners of the RoboCup autonomous robot soccer competition at the University of Bremen in Germany
Borda Count
Of the 22 US cities that adopted STV in the early 20th century, only this city still uses it
Cambridge, MA
In 2023 Turkey lowered its threshold from 10% to 7% for assembly elections, making this country the one with the highest national threshold, at 8%
Liechtenstein