Intro Terms
A procedure that allows us to evaluate hypotheses about population parameters based on sample statistics
What is statistical hypothesis testing?
Numbers that describe what is average or typical of the distribution.
The radius of a confidence interval
What is margin of error?
An inferential statistics technique designed to test for the significant relationship between two variables in two or more samples
What is Analysis of variance (ANOVA)?
A type of hypothesis test that involves a directional hypothesis. It specifies that the values of one group are either larger or smaller than some specified population value
one-tailed test
A measure of variation in interval-ratio variables. It is the difference between the highest (maximum) and the lowest (minimum) scores in the distribution
What is range?
The probability associated with the obtained value of Z
What is p value?
An inferential statistics technique designed to test for a significant relationship between two variables organized in a bivariate table.
What is chi-square test?
Analysis of variance application with one dependent variable and one independent variable.
What is One-way ANOVA?
A one-tailed test in which the sample outcome is hypothesized to be at the left tail of the sampling distribution
What is left-tailed test?
A measure of variation for interval-ratio and ordinal variables; it is the average of the squared deviations from the mean.
What is variance?
A family of curves, each determined by its degrees of freedom (df). It is used when the population standard deviation is unknown and the standard error is estimated from the sample standard deviation.
What is t distribution?
The probability associated with rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true.
What is Type I error?
A theoretical probability distribution that would be obtained by calculating all the possible mean differences (Y1 −Y2) that would be obtained by drawing all the possible independent random samples of size N1 and N2 from two populations where N1 and N2 are each greater than 50.
What is the sampling distribution of the difference between means?
A type of hypothesis test that involves a nondirectional research hypothesis. We are equally interested in whether the values are less than or greater than one another. The sample outcome may be located at both the low and high ends of the sampling distribution.
What is two-tailed test?
A distribution with a few extreme values on one side of the distribution.
What is skewed distribution
The width of the middle 50% of the distribution. It is defined as the difference between the lower and upper quartiles. It can be calculated for interval-ratio and ordinal data
What is Interquartile range (IQR)?
The probability associated with failing to reject a null hypothesis when it is false
What is type II error?
The test statistic for ANOVA, calculated by the ratio of mean square to mean square within
What is F ratio or F statistic?
The likelihood, expressed as a percentage or a probability, that a specified interval will contain the population parameter
What is confidence level?
An additional variable considered in a bivariate relationship. The variable is controlled for when we take into account its effect on the variables in the bivariate relationship.
What is a control variable?
The rule of how to draw samples including Simple Random Sampling, Systematic Random Sampling, Stratified Random Sampling, and Cluster Sampling
What is EPSEM (equal probability of
selection method)?
A chi-square related measure of association for nominal variables, based on the value of chi-square and ranges between 0 and 1
What is Cramer's V?
The test statistic computed to test the null hypothesis about a population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown and is estimated using the sample standard deviation
What is t statistic (obtained)?
A sample statistic used to estimate the exact value of a population parameter
What is a point estimate?