red
It is also referred to as successive limited comparisons.
What is incrementalism?
The number of identifiable clusters of administrators referred to as bureaucratic subsystems by Richard Stillman.
What are five subsystems?
Political appointees, professional careerists, general civil service, unionized workers, contractual workers
The debate on administrative responsibility and accountability.
What is the Friedrich/Finer debate?
It is referred to as the root method of policy making.
What is the rational-comprehensive model?
A specific type of federal bureaucracy within the executive branch that generates revenue by charging fees to deliver goods and services to the public
What is a government corporation?
The tendency of bureaucratic agencies to create policy decisions that deviate from the original mandate.
What is bureaucratic drift?
It was a critique of the root method.
What is the branch method (or incrementalism)?
They are the administrators who serve without tenure and whose appointments are based often, though not always, upon political ties or party loyalties.
What are political appointees?
He compares and contrasts private versus public ethics and explains why the latter has greater moral complexities.
Who is Dwight Waldo?
This person argued that the concept of iron triangles “is not so much wrong as it is disastrously incomplete"
Who is Hugh Heclo?
Blue collar and, increasingly, white collar workers whose employment is based upon negotiated contracts between union representatives and management within the jurisdictions they serve.
What are unionized workers?
It is a shared knowledge group having to do with some aspect (or some problem) of public policy according to Hugh Heclo.
What is an issue network?
It was the first policy in the U.S. to reform the civil service.
What is the Pendelton Act (or the Civil Service Reform Act of 1883)?
The newest and fastest growing bureaucratic subsystem according to Richard Stillman.
What is a contract employment (contracting out)?
This author focuses on the centrality of administrative communication in public agencies.
Who is James Garnett?
He argued "what is needed, however, is not the technical capacity per se, but the technical capacity in the service of the public welfare as defined by the public and its authorized representatives" in the Friedrich/Finer debate.
Who is Herman Finer?
The publication of this book triggered major changes in public administration and led to the paradigm shift known as new public management.
What is "Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector" by Osborne and Gaebler?
The era of Jacksonian democracy during the period of "government by the common man" led to this.
What is the spoils system?
The new paradigm shift in public policy that occurred in the early 2000s.
What is New Public Governance (NPG)?
According to Jim Powell (in "Should Government Be Run Like a Business"), this is the costliest government-run business in the United States.
What is Medicare?