Pre-Constitution
pluralism/pluralist, participant, pragmatic
What are the “3 P’s” of American political culture?
The compromise that led to the establishment of a bicameral legislature- House of Representatives based on population (Virginia plan) and Senate based on equal representation (New Jersey plan)
What is the Great Compromise?
The article of the constitution that deals with the executive branch
What is article 2?
the court case that set the precedent that allowed the “separate but equal” doctrine
What is Plessy Vs. Ferguson?
a governmental system in which authority is divided between two sovereign levels of gvt: national and regional
What is federalism?
human interaction, settlement of conflict, authoritative allocation of resources and values
What are the 3 most important parts to the definition of politics?
The compromise that decided that slaves to count as 3/5ths a person for representation in Congress and taxation
What is the 3/5 Compromise?
powers explicitly listed and given to the national government
What are enumerated powers?
the court case that set the precedent that overturned the “separate but equal” doctrine
What is Brown vs. Board of Education?
the supreme authority to govern within a certain geographical area
What is sovereignty?
The philosopher that believed that humans are selfish, but social creatures. Believed there should be limits to how a ruler would govern. Social Contract
Who is John Locke?
The system in which states get allotted votes based on population-the founder’s “buffer” between the presidential election and the masses
What is the electoral college?
powers neither the national nor the state governments are allowed (ex post facto, nobility titles)
What are prohibited powers?
the court case that determined the precedent that if accused is too poor to hire legal counsel, such must be provided
What is Gideon vs. Wainwright?
the situation in which the national, state, and local levels work together to solve problems
What is cooperative federalism?
The philosopher that believed that humans are selfish and aggressive, if left by themselves there will be chaos and destruction. Said purpose of government was to establish order. Called for total authority. Covenant
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
Those that believed that the Constitution gave the national government too much power, that it needed a bill of rights, and that the states should have more power. (against ratification as is)
Who were the Anti-Federalists?
the amendment that protects against unreasonable search and seizure
What is the 4th amendment?
The court case that set the precedent that determined that one must be read their rights upon arrest
What is Miranda vs. Arizona?
term that refers to the expenditure of federal funds on programs run in part through states and localities
What is fiscal federalism?
>financial problems-every state had own currency, national gvt couldn’t tax.
>Military chaos- each state had own defense, rebellions could not be stopped by national government
>Political conflict- states divided, tariff wars between states
What were problems with the articles of confederation?
A skeletal outline, a political dynamic document outlining how a government should operate
What is a Constitution?
the amendment that protects against excessive bail, and cruel and unusual punishment
What is the 8th amendment?
the court case that set precedent that evidence obtained in an unconstitutional search (i.e.- evidence found but not listed in warrant) cannot be used in court?
What is Mapp vs. Ohio?
Federal grants in aid that permit state and local officials to decide how the money will be spent within a general area, such as education or health
What are block grants?