History of Lobbying
This historical document gave nobles a right to petition the crown for redress of grievances in England
The Magna Carta
Political Scientists who subscribe to rational choice theory often assume that Members of Congress are single minded seekers of this?
Re-election
Maybe don't tell your Facebook Uncle, but bureaucratic agencies do allow commenting on many of their rules posted on this website
"The Federal Register"
On average, lobbyists contribute this much to Federal Judge re-election efforts
$0
Efforts to restrict this might sadden recently defeated members of Congress and/or Buddy the Elf
"The Revolving Door"
"Don't strike out" on this road which is a famous neighborhood that has become synonymous with special interests and federal lobbyists
K Street
These Members of Congress are usually the least effective legislators every session and they don't even have the option to "Redshirt"
Freshmen
Congressional Committees, Organized Interests, and Bureaucratic Agencies can become beholden to each other rather than the people- leading to these less than democratic shapes
"Iron Triangles"
Previous or current membership in this interest group has become an important vetting mechanism for Republican Presidents making federal judicial nominations
The Federalist Society
DAILY DOUBLE
Members of Congress, their staff, and cabinet secretaries sometimes have to wait for a year or two before they can legally engage in lobbying due to these "icy" requirements
This many registered lobbyists are currently estimated to be actively working in Washington D.C.
9-13k
Some interest groups use mock-ups of these academic forms to express their happiness or displeasure with Members of Congress and their voting patterns on certain issues
Report Cards
Formalized under Nixon and Ford, this arm of the Executive Office of the President helps maintain relationships with interest groups
Office of the Public Liaison (OPL) (now known as the Office of Public Engagement (OPE))
While it does not appear that they are very effective at altering final verdicts, amicus briefs do appear to influence this judicial behavior
Issuing writs of certiorari (granting cert)
According to the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995, this percentage of time spent lobbying as part of one's work activities separates an official lobbyist from a non-lobbyist (in the eyes of the law)
20%
This political movement/uprising during the 1990s led to the shuttering of Congress's Office of Technology
The Republican Revolution (will also accept Contract with America)
Bumping into you may have seemed accidental, but sometimes lobbyists attend Washington functions having already pre-planned this type of cinematic introduction
This many 21st century presidents made sure to not hire any lobbyists in their administrations
0
DAILY DOUBLE
These types of organized interests were the most commonly involved lead plaintiffs and respondents in the 1940s-1960s
This mid-20th century law was considerably weakened by the Supreme Court's decision in U.S. v. Harriss
The Federal Lobbying Act of 1946
This "King of the Lobby" was famous for his social dinners in Washington D.C. during the Gilded Age
Sam Ward
RIP Mr. Bill, most legislation dies at this stage of the lawmaking process
In Committee
Look out behind you, President Biden issued an executive order placing a one-year ban on this for certain of his appointees.
"Shadow Lobbying"
Cause-oriented interest groups increasingly saw the courts as an avenue to seek policy change through due to the decisions issued by this high court
The Warren Court (1953-1969)
The Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 requires lobbyists to disclose their activities this many times per year
4 (Quarterly)