Early Excavation Issues (18th - 20th Century)
This 18th-century method involved mining through ruins using shafts and tunnels rather than exposing them to the open air
What is tunnel excavation?
This public-private partnership was established in 2001 to halt the serious decay at Herculaneum.
What is the Herculaneum Conservation Project (HCP)?
The collapse of this training facility in 2010 prompted international outcry and a UNESCO "State of Emergency" report.
What is the House of the Gladiators (Schola Armatorum)?
This was the total amount of funding, largely from the European Union, pledged for the Great Pompeii Project.
What is €105 million?
This current director general focuses on treating Pompeii as a "living site" and adopted the "conserve excavation fronts" policy
Who is Gabriel Zuchtriegel?
This director (1924–1961) sought to recreate the "atmosphere" of the towns by rebuilding walls and roofs to create an "open-air museum"
This is the primary reason Herculaneum remains better preserved and wealthier in its remains than Pompeii. (2 responses)
What is size and depth of pyroclastic surges?
This 1999 decision by Pietro Giovanni Guzzo stopped all new excavations to prioritise the preservation of unearthed areas.
What is a moratorium?
Launched in 2012, the GPP was established in response to these UNESCO threats.
What is "state of emergency" and "danger list"?
Pompeii now uses these two technologies to alert experts to structural risks and provide real-time images.
What are AI and drones?
This archaeologist excavated 20th-century along the Via dell’Abbondanza focused only on uncovering building façades and picturesque street settings
This sumptuous three-story home reopened in 2019 after a 30-year restoration project, having been closed for 36 years
What is the House of the Bicentenary?
In 2013, this special commissioner was arrested for fraud and corruption related to a multimillion-dollar restoration tender
Who is Marcelo Fiori?
By the end of the project in 2019, this many villas had been reopened to the public.
What is 39 villas?
This high-tech excavation in 2018 revealed a sensual mythological fresco at the end of Via del Vesuvio.
What is the House of Leda and the Swan?
Early restorers often "freshened up" fading frescoes for visitors by applying these two harmful substances.
What are water and varnishes?
The HCP used these birds as an innovative, sustainable method for pest control on the site.
What are falcons?
This 1980 natural disaster served as a "dramatic watershed," leading to a systematic survey which revealed that 80% of the site’s uncovered wall paintings and floors had been lost to decay.
What is the Irpinia Earthquake?
This sophisticated, web-based tool was created under the GPP to provide standardised data for all 13,000 rooms in Pompeii for these reasons.
What is catalog, protect and document?
Scheduled for 2025, this site will host an "open-air lab" where researchers from MIT and Italian universities will collaborate on applying advanced science to conservation.
What is the Villa of Poppaea?
In 1761, authorities made the "barbaric" decision to use these tools to destroy "useless" ancient colored plasters to prevent theft.
What are picks/axes?
By 2012, UNESCO recognized Herculaneum as this, noting that two-thirds of the site was now open to tourists.
Pompeii currently has this many unexploded bombs from WW2 onsite.
What are 7-10 bombs?
This regional affairs commissioner for the EU took a "personal interest" in launching the GPP after the 2010 collapses.
Who is Johannes Hahn?
The "New Strategic Plan (2024–2030)" aims to ensure sustainability by managing these two natural elements on site.
What are biodiversity and green spaces?