Genetic Drift & Speciation
Does genetic drift largely affect small or large populations?
Small
What is a population?
Many individuals of one species interacting and potentially reproducing
Which type of model would you use for a seasonally-reproducing organism: discrete or continuous?
Discrete
What's an example of a seasonally iteroparous organism?
Bird, reptile/amphibian, fish, etc.
What is altruism?
an organism reduces its own fitness (offspring) to increase the fitness of another individual
How does genetic drift relate to evolution?
It is a mechanism for evolution because it affects allele frequencies
What is a real-world reason for why population biology is important?
Disease, Pest (invasive) species, harvesting, conservation
A seasonally-reproducing bird has an initial population size of 50. The Net reproductive rate is 0.95. What will the population size be in 10 years? Round to whole number.
30
What is R0?
Net reproductive rate, or mean number of offspring produced in lifetime by each original member of the cohort
What is a benefit to living in a group?
Reduced risk of individual predator attack
Foraging efficiency
What is the founder effect?
a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population
What are the three ways in which populations are distributed?
Clustered, even, random
A population has a starting size of 50. Over a year, the birth rate is 0.3, the death rate is 0.2. What is the population size in the second year?
55
What is the value of R0 for a population that is staying the same (not increasing or decreasing)?
1.0
What is reciprocation?
the cost of altruism is offset by the likelihood of a return benefit
What's the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation?
Allopatric includes a geographic barrier; sympatric does not
What is a transect?
A designated length to sample along
What is the difference in assumptions between continuous and logistic growth?
Continuous - unlimited resources
What are the three types of reproductive strategies?
Semelparous, seasonal iteroparity, and continuous iteroparity
Altruism is favored if:
rB ? C
> (greater than)
Which species concept is well suited for asexual organisms, fossils, and plants?
Morphological species concept
Name three ways to measure populations
point sampling, transect, quadrat, pitfall trap, mist net, live trap
For a continuous iteroparous monkey, the initial population size is 250. Given a per capita increase rate of 0.09, what will the population size be in 10 years? Round to whole number.
615
Which type of growth curve has individuals that largely die late in life?
Type I
Which type of mating system includes many males and one female?
Polyandry