Life History
These species occupy a narrow niche and are less adaptable because of their specialized resource use
What is a specialist species?
The maximum population size of a species that an environment can support indefinitely
What is carrying capacity?
The stage of the DTM in which rapid growth occurs due to high crude birth rate and declining crude death rate
What is stage 2?
Name 2 factors that contribute to high fertility rates in a region
Children in the workforce? Access to family planning? Education and work opportunities for women? Availability of pensions?
As fertility rate decreases, life expectancy tends to _______.
What is increase?
These species produce many small offspring, offer limited parental care, are prone to "boom and bust" population cycles and are able to tolerate unpredictable environments
What is an r-selected species?
competition between members of the same species
What is intraspecific competition?
In stage 3 of the DTM, the growth rate begins to ____ as birth rate drops closer to the death rate
What is decrease? slow down?
Provide 2 reasons why human life expectancy has increased in the past century
What is better sanitation and waste management systems? Improved medical practices? Improved agricultural technology?
Name a country that has a high population growth rate and sketch the population pyramid
What is Nigeria? India?
What kind of survivorship belongs to organisms that demonstrate high parental care and have few offspring? Draw the curve
What is Type I survivorship
The type of population growth curve that we see when resources are limited. Draw it
logistic growth? s-shaped curve?
Describe the population growth of a stage 1 preindustrial society
What is "little to no growth"?
Your population doubles in 10 years. What is the population growth rate?
7%
Name a country with fertility rate that is below replacement level and sketch the population pyramid
What is the US? Japan? Finland?
The type of survivorship curve that belongs to organisms that have the same survival rate throughout their lifetimes. Draw the curve
What is a type II survivorship curve?
Population regulation in which the scarcity of producer and/or primary consumer control populations at higher trophic levels
What is bottom-up population regulation?
In stage 5 of the DTM, the birth rate is <>= the death rate and the population begins to _____.
What is less than? What is decline?
Average number of children a couple must have to replace themselves
What is replacement level fertility?
Name two problems associated with an aging population
Smaller workforce? More healthcare spending?
The maximum reproductive capacity of a species under ideal conditions
What is biotic potential?
The time required for the birth rate to decline and the death rate to increase in response to resource limits.
What is a reproductive time lag?
List two things that countries in stage 4 can do to increase population growth
encourage immigration, support working parents
State with the highest infant mortality in the US
What is Mississipi?
Name two problems associated with a younger population
High unemployment? High cost of living? Education spending? Resource availability?