Basics
True or False: Sponges are triploblasts
false
true
The name Porifera means what?
"pore-bearing"
True or False: Sponges are multicellular
true
True or False: Sponges need to filter 1 ton of water to get 1 kilogram of food
false
What is a group of sponges called?
a colony
Name 2 species of animals that eat sponges
Hawksbill sea turtle, parrotfish, angelfish
What flows into the sponge through the ______ and out of the sponge through the ________
ostia and osculum
What cells make up the "skin" of the sponge?
pinacocytes
diffusion (high to low concentration)
How old are sponges estimated to be according to the fossil record?
550 million years old
How do sponges produce a "dead-zone" to reduce competition?
they produce a toxin that's released into the water that kills/repels other competitors
What anchors the sponge to rock so that it stays in place?
the holdfast
What kind of cells are responsible for the openings of the ostia and can contract and relax to manage water flow?
porocytes
What is the asexual method of reproduction called in sponges?
budding
What two characteristics of animals are sponges missing?
sessile (movement) and no tissues or organs
Name 2 medications that were produced from sponge toxins and what they are used to treat
Acylclovir- antiviral combats herpes infections and AZT fights combats HIV
The empty space in the middle of the sponge is called the _______
spongocoel
What type of cells can move through the sponges body and become other cells? What is the type of cell it can turn into?
amoebocytes and they turn into oocytes (sperm/egg)
What are 2 food sources sponges eat?
plankton, bacteria, and detritus
What depths can sponges be found up to and how large can they get?
5.5 miles deep and over 10ft tall
Name a symbiosis a sponge can have. It must include the symbiosis type, the 2 species involved, and what the relationship is between the two
mutualism- venus flower basket + shrimp, cyanobacteria. commensalism- sponge hats,
What are the two types of molecules that the sponges "skeleton" can be made out of? How does this affect what the sponges feel like?
Spicules and spongin. Spicules- are hard and sharp and spongin- is squishy
What are the digestive cells also called and how do they trap food particles and create current?
Choanocytes, food gets trapped in the microvilli and the flagella whip back and forth to create water current
If a sponge wants to reproduce but environmental conditions are unfavorable what do they do?
They can internally bud with a gemmule which can survive harsh conditions and wait to develop until conditions improve