Political Values
Often used interchangeably with 'freedom’ this value describes one’s ability to act on their own free will.
What is liberty?
The theory that the media has power to influence what we think about and therefore, what we think is important (and what isn’t).
What is agenda setting theory?
This ideology is most closely associated with the Democratic Party
What is liberalism?
An economic system that allows for inequity.
What is capitalism?
This trade off method requires monetization of public values and asks analysists to consider what is gained and at what expense.
What is cost/benefit analysis?
Though there are multiple ways of defining this, it typically refers to each member of society having the same value.
What is equality?
A tool of the media used to limit the parameters of the discussion. Influenced by time, the profit motive, and ideology
What is framing?
This describes your actual political attitudes & issue positions, as opposed to how you identify yourself.
What is operational ideology?
According to Lindblom, this is “a system of societywide coordination of human activities not by central command but by mutual interactions in the form of transactions.
What is a market system?
This coping mechanism has the advantage of mitigating opposition to a value change by making the change slowly.
What is incrementalism?
From this, we form our values according to Ronald Inglehart who wrote that we, “place the greatest value on those things that are in relatively short supply.”
What is scarcity?
This type of media is the primary concern of political scientists and typically involves a one way transmission of information from a single source to many people.
What is mass media?
Adherents to this ideology tend to prefer the government to stay out of economic matters but are happy with the government supporting traditional morality.
What is conservatism?
A theory of price setting that determines that prices are the result of how much consumers want an item and how much producers can produce at a profit.
What is supply and demand?
This method separates organizations, departments, or individuals and assigns them responsibility for a specific value. Each organization, department, or individual is concerned only with the value they are responsible for.
What are firewalls?
According to Michael Babula, this type of value is solely concerned with improving the conditions of another person.
What are exogenic values?
In this role, the media decides what we should think about, what we could think about, and what we shouldn’t think about. A filter between reality and what we see through the media.
What is the gatekeeper role?
Adherents to this ideology prefer the government is limited in nearly every aspect of life.
Operates as a signal that tells producers how much of an item they should produce.
What is price?
This mechanism has the disadvantage of officials being unable to balance values in daily work, despite being expected to put equal importance on all values.
What is hybridization?
This value can be predicted based on the importance one places on freedom of speech.
What is tolerance?
This is done with leading questions or repetition; it prepares consumers to think in specific ways.
The idea that attitudes are linked and interdependent, such that holding one belief should accompanied by another belief. Put another way, it is how ideology limits what policy positions an ideological individual can take.
What is constraint?
According to the Friedman’s, this occurs when people are free to pursue their own interests without a central planner; prices & distribution of goods “just happens”
What is spontaneous order?
This method involves looking to the past and making decisions regarding current cases based on decisions made in previous similar cases.
What is casuistry