The Byzantine Empire
What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
Constantinople
What happened to the West Roman Empire?
Broke into many Germanic Tribes.
What did the Roman Catholic Chruch provide?
Provided Unity and stability in chaotic times.
What is Feudalism?
A political and social system in which lords granted land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and military service.
or
Feudalism is a system of mutual obligation between the lords, vassals, and commoners.
What was the Domesday Book?
The Domesday Book was a comprehensive survey and record of land ownership in England, commissioned by William the Conqueror in 1086. It detailed landholdings, resources, and population for tax and administrative purposes. It was called "Domesday" because it was as final and unchangeable as the Last Judgment.
How long did the Byzantine Empire last for and how did it fall?
1000 years, creation of cannon 1453 Constantinople would fall to the Ottoman Turks.
Who where the Germans what did they do?
they were mostly pastoralists, meaning Sheep or cattle farmers.
Who held power in the Eastern Orthodox church, and who held power in the Roman Catholic Chruch?
Orthodox: patriarch
Roman Catholic Chruch: pope
What are the main groups in feudal society?
King and Pope
Nobles and church officials( lords)
knights and vassals
Serfs/ pesants
What did the Magna Carta do in 1215?
Established a rule of law that Limited the power of the king
Byzantine Empire would influence what Russian city, especially what didi they influence?
Kiev Art and architecture.
The Germanic tribes had no written law, instead they relied on what?
Oaths, Ordeals, or combat
What langauges did each chruch primaily use?
Roman Catholicism: Latin
Eastern Orthodox Greek
Define Primogeniture:
Made it so older sons inherited their fathers' land making younger sons become knights or clergy members.
Why did the Hundred Year War start?
Over Feudal disputes, but were triggered by a claim for the French throne made by Edward III of England.
What kind of government did the Byzantines have and what did it mean?
Autocracy: This means the leader is of both the Chruch and State. They are in charge of both/
The Franks's first King was who, how did he become the king?
Clovis united the area under the pope.
In what ways did the power of the Catholic Church both unite and divide medieval Europe?
It united people through common faith and laws but divided them through conflicts like the Investiture Controversy and the Great Schism.
What id the difference between a peasant and a surf?
Serfs were peasants bound to the lord and provided whatever the lord wanted. They needed permission from wed and could never leave the lord's land.
The War increased the Spread of what weaponry and where did this weaponry come form>
GunPowered from the Mongols
What did the " Code of Justinian" Serve as legal basis for?
Criminal Justice, Marriage, slavery, and women's rights.
Charlemagne used the Missi Dominici (messengers and spies) to enforce his laws and maintain control over his vast empire. How might this system have helped unify his empire, and what challenges might it have faced?
The Missi Dominici helped unify the empire by ensuring local rulers followed Charlemagne’s laws and by keeping him informed about different regions. However, challenges could include resistance from local nobles, difficulty managing such a large territory, and reliance on the loyalty of his messengers.
What were two key disagreements between the two churches after the Great Schism?
The authority of the Pope/Patchriarc. RC believed the Pope was the head of all Christians, Orthodox believed that all bishops were equal and no one but god had supreme authority.
Celibacy, Rc; prest had to remain celibate while orthodox could marry before ordination.
Theology of the trinity: ORthodosy believes the Holy Spirit comes from the Father, not the son whereas Rc is all three.
Worship style: The Orthodox maintained a more mystical and symbolic approach to worship whereas Catholics adopted a more structured and legalistic approach.
Compare the obligations of a serf and a knight. Which group had more agency, and why?
A knight had more agency because they could gain wealth and land through service, while serfs were tied to the land and had limited rights
Who was Jona Arc and Why was she important?
Joan of Arc was a French peasant girl who became a military leader during the Hundred Years’ War between France and England. Claiming to be guided by visions from God, she led French forces to key victories, including the Siege of Orléans in 1429, which helped Charles VII become king. She was later captured by the English, put on trial for heresy and witchcraft, and burned at the stake in 1431. She was later declared a martyr and canonized as a saint in 1920.