Apical Cap
The liver is seen in this direction in comparison to the heart on SC
Flow is equal to the product of velocity and cross-sectional area
Continuity equation
Normal female EF
54-74 %
CDI gives these velocities of the blood flow
Pedoff probe uses this type of doppler
Continuous wave
Parts of the IVS that an be seen in A4
Membranous and muscular
This IAS defect can be seen without CDI
ASD
This factor has the most affect on the resistance to flow in the setting of vessel or valve narrowing
Radius
This orientation remains the same as TTE withTEE images
Left/ right
Normal IVS in diastole in men
<11
Red indicates blood flow in this direction
Towards the probe
The change in frequency of a wave due to the relative motion of the reflector is this
The Doppler effect
Tricuspid valve
This is the most common type of VSD
Membranous
Normal BP
120/80 mmHg
The mitral valve will open in this direction ( up or down) for a TEE 4 chamber
Down
Normal LVOT range
18-22
Color aliasing can be resolved changing this setting on the machine
Color scale
Type of Spectral doppler most affected by PRF
These 2 walls are seen in A2
IVC < 50 % collapse and measurement 2.0 = this RAP
8
Describes relationship between pressure gradients and velocity
Bernoulli's equation
Change in P = 4v squared
The IAS next to this aortic cusp on SAX TEE images
NCC
Normal Aortic root in females
<34
CDI shows the sonographer these 2 things to help assess heart function
Presence of flow and direction of flow
Velocities that have exceeded the Nyquist limit present as this on the display
Aliasing
If you see the Coronary sinus in A4, you are angled too far which direction ?
Posterior
These are the 2 vessels seen in a bicaval view
Used to explain the relationships in resistance to flow
Poiseuille's Law
The LAA can be seen on this TEE view
2 chamber
Best practice measurement for LV function
Simpsons Biplane
Regurgitation looks like this on CDI
Opposite color of inflow
This ultrasound mode is characterized by multiple crystals performing transmit and receive constantly
Continuous Wave