Scientific Revolution
Who first proposed the heliocentric theory?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Who said humans are wicket, naturally selfish and need strong rulers?
Thomas Hobbes
Why were Enlightenment ideas a threat to kings and the Church?
They challenged divine right & traditional authority.
Why were colonists angry about “taxation without representation”?
They had no voice in Parliament.
How are the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment connected?
Both used reason and evidence to challenge old ideas.
Why did Galileo’s discoveries anger the Church?
He challenged the idea that Earth was the center of the universe.
Who believed in natural rights (life, liberty, property)?
John Locke
What is John Locke’s “Right of Revolution”?
If government doesn't protect natural rights, citizens can overthrow it.
Whose ideas influenced Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence?
John Locke
One similarity between Newton and Bacon?
Both emphasized observation and experimentation to find truth.
Which invention most directly spread scientific ideas?
Printing Press
Who argued for separation of powers & checks and balances?
Baron de Montesquieu
What type of government did Hobbes support?
Absolute monarchy (a government with absolute power)
Which country helped America win the Revolution?
France
One difference between Hobbes and Locke?
Hobbes → people are selfish, need monarchy.
Locke → people are good, deserve rights.
What did Isaac Newton explain?
The laws of motion & gravity
Who defended freedom of speech and religion?
Voltaire
Why were natural rights important in shaping democracy?
They are rights all humans are born with; governments must protect them.
How did Enlightenment ideas shape the Declaration?
Jefferson used natural rights and the Right to Revolution.
Why was the American Revolution "world-changing"?
It inspired other revolutions (France, Haiti, Latin America).