Ciliary Body
The ciliary processes come from this part of the ciliary body.
What is the pars plicata?
Most uveal tissue develops from this embryological origin.
What are neural crest cells?
Accommodation is stimulated by this major nerve.
What is CN III?
Parasympathetic increases accommodation!
What are non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells?
Prostaglandins lower IOP by inducing connective tissue remodeling and increases outflow via this pathway.
What is the uveoscleral pathway?
(Also called non-conventional or pressure-independent pathway)
This portion of the ciliary body is an important entry point for intraocular surgery.
What is the pars plana?
The two layers of the ciliary epithelium are arranged in this orientation.
What is apex to apex?
Venous return from the ciliary body is to the ophthalmic veins and vortex veins, which drain into this structure.
What is the cavernous sinus?
This pathway of aqueous drainage is NOT pressure dependent.
What is uveoscleral pathway?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is a drug of choice to treat glaucoma because it blocks the formation of this molecule, which is crucial for the production of aqueous.
What is bicarbonate?
What are longitudinal fibers?
What is the non-pigmented epithelium?
There are anterior and posterior arterioles that come from the major circle of the iris.
Which of these are fenestrated (lacking tight junctions)?
What are the anterior arterioles of the MACI?
This is THE most important mechanism for aqueous production.
What is active secretion?
(She may just say "active transport" or "secretion" on the exam)
Briefly explain the reason we can use pilocarpine as a glaucoma medication to lower IOP.
Pilocarpine (muscarinic agonist) stimulates contraction of the longitudinal fibers of ciliary muscle, which pulls the scleral spur, opening the TM and increasing conventional outflow of aqueous through the TM.
This is the part of the ciliary body that can be seen during gonioscopy.
What is the ciliary stroma?
What is non-pigmented epithelium of ciliary body?
These arteries both contribute to the formation of the major arterial circle of the iris (MACI).
What are 7 anterior ciliary arteries and 2 long posterior ciliary arteries (LPCAs)?
This portion of the trabecular meshwork shows the highest amount of resistance.
What is the juxtacanalicular tissue (JCT)?
Rho kinase inhibitors lower IOP by doing this.
What is tissue remodeling in the trabecular meshwork?
This structure inserts directly onto the corneal stroma and trabecular meshwork and prevents collapse of the canal if IOP is elevated.
What is the cribriform plexus?
What is the anterior epithelium of the iris and the RPE?
Fenestrated capillaries from the major circle of the iris supply this specific portion of the ciliary body.
What are the tips of the ciliary processes?
Activation of this type of receptor in the pigmented ciliary epithelium stimulates the production of 2nd messengers like cAMP and calcium, which increases production of aqueous.
What are beta-2 adrenergic receptors?
(This explains why we can use beta blockers as a treatment for glaucoma)
Define outflow facility and how it relates to IOP (directly or inversely related)?
"Indicates the trabecular drainage in response to increases in IOP."
INVERSELY related (high outflow facility = LOW IOP)