Physiological Adaptations
What postpartum cardiovascular change helps compensate for blood loss?
Increased cardiac output.
Where should the fundus be located 12 hours postpartum?
About 1 cm above the umbilicus.
What is the first milk produced postpartum?
Colostrum
What is perineal trauma?
Injury to the perineum from birth (tear or episiotomy).
What is one benefit of rooming‑in for parents?
Increased bonding and confidence
Why does hemodilution occur postpartum?
Plasma volume increases faster than RBC mass.
What does a boggy fundus indicate?
Uterine atony
What is primary breast engorgement?
Initial postpartum fullness due to vascular congestion.
What comfort measure reduces perineal swelling?
Ice packs
What is one benefit of rooming‑in for newborns?
More stable feeding and sleep patterns.
What respiratory change may occur due to pain or anxiety postpartum?
Increased respiratory rate.
What is the normal progression of lochia?
Rubra → Serosa → Alba.
Name one benefit of breastfeeding for the newborn.
Immunologic protection / decreased infection risk.
What causes postpartum urinary incontinence?
Pelvic floor muscle stretching.
Name one social determinant of health that affects postpartum adaptation.
Housing, transportation, food access, income, support system.
Which endocrine shift triggers milk production postpartum?
Drop in placental hormones → rise in prolactin.
If the fundus is deviated to the right, what is the likely cause?
Bladder distention
What is hyperlactation?
Excessive milk production.
What is a common cause of postpartum constipation?
Decreased peristalsis and fear of pain.
How can nurses identify cultural postpartum practices?
Ask open‑ended questions about traditions and expectations.
Why are hemoglobin and hematocrit NOT reliable indicators of postpartum blood loss?
Fluid shifts dilute values; physical assessment is more accurate.
What is the priority action for heavy lochia with clots?
Massage the fundus and assess for hemorrhage.
What is the most important sign of an effective latch?
Rhythmic suck‑swallow pattern with audible swallowing.
What is the purpose of a sitz bath?
Promote healing and reduce perineal discomfort.
What psychosocial factor may affect postpartum recovery?
Birth experience (positive or traumatic).