Respiratory
Name the drug:
This drug causes rebound hypertension if used longer than 3–5 days and may also cause hypertension due to its ability to vasoconstrict blood vessels.
phenylephrine; alpha-1 agonist vasoconstriction
may cause hypertension > monitor patients with cardiovascular disorders closley
Name the drug:
A patient on this medication develops muscle pain and dark urine, requiring immediate discontinuation.
Atorvastatin
This medication lowers LDL levels within the blood by blocking cholesterol synthesis in the liver causing LDL receptors to be activated to draw in LDL from the bloodstream.
Name the drug:
This medication treats SVT and may cause a brief period of asystole.
Adenosine
This medication has the ability of causing brief asystole, so educate patients. This shocks the heart back into normal sinus rhythm to treat life-threatening SVT.
Name the drug:
This medication is used to treat growth hormone deficiency, and the nurse should monitor for hyperglycemia and joint pain.
Somatropin
Differentiate between Type I and Type II diabetes:
Type I- This type of diabetes is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency and requires lifelong insulin therapy.
Type II- This type of diabetes is associated with insulin resistance and often treated initially with oral medications.
Name the drug:
This drug is most concerning when a patient reports palpitations, tremors, and chest pain after increasing use beyond prescribed doses due to tachyphylaxis.
Albuterol; SABA
albuterol is used for acute exacerbations to promote bronchodilation (rescue inhaler). This drug causes cardiac adverse effects due to its effect on beta-1 receptors, causing increased heart rate and possible palpations.
Name the drug:
This medication can cause a dry cough and angioedema and should not be used in pregnancy.
Captopril; ACE inhibitor
This medication blocks ACE enzyme preventing the production of angiotensin II causing vasodilation to reduce blood pressure. Also has effect on kidneys due to its effect on RAAS system, leading to hyperkalemia as a major side effect.
Name the drug:
This medication increases heart contractility and requires monitoring for toxicity if potassium is low.
Digoxin
This medication requires close monitoring for toxicity that can cause N/V and yellow halos. Low potassium levels increase the risk of digoxin toxicity so monitor closely. Also hold medication is HR >60 bpm
Name the drugs:
These medications are used to treat adrenal insufficiency and require monitoring for weight gain, hypertension, and fluid retention.
Hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone
Hydrocortisone replaces cortisol while fludrocortisone replaces aldosterone
Name the drug:
This medication helps lower blood sugar by increasing insulin secretion and slowing gastric emptying, often causing weight loss.
GLP-1 Agonist (Exenatide)
Name the drug:
This drug has a narrow therapeutic range and toxicity includes nausea and dysrhythmias.
Theophylline
Therapeutic Range: Usually 10–20 mcg/mL for bronchodilation
Name the drug:
This medication slows heart rate and can mask hypoglycemia symptoms in diabetics.
Extra 100 points if you can name a contraindication for beta-blockers other than diabetes
atenolol
This medication is a beta-blocker that blocks beta-1 receptors preventing elevated heart rate and contractibility. Use with caution for diabetics because these medications can mask the effects of hypoglycemia.
Contraindicated for patients with asthma- beta-blockers have the ability to cause bronchodilation, worsening effects of asthma
Name the drug:
This medication is a potassium channel-blocker used to treat ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, typically when other treatments fail that can cause lung, live, and thyroid toxicity as well as vision changes so requires close monitoring.
Amiodarone
Name the drug:
This medication treats diabetes insipidus by reducing urine output, but can cause water intoxication and hyponatremia.
Desmopressin
Name the drug:
This medication decreases liver glucose production and carries risk of lactic acidosis, especially with kidney issues.
Extra 100 points if you can name procedural contraindication.
Biguanide (Metformin)
Extra 100 points: This medication should be held before contrast dye procedures.
Name the drug:
This medication suppresses cough reflex centrally but becomes dangerous when combined with SSRIs due to risk of serotonin syndrome potentiation.
Extra 100 points if you can one specific drug-drug interaction serotonin syndrome.
Dextromethorphan; antitussive
Dextromethorphan is contraindicated with MAOIs due to the risk of serotonin syndrome- muscle rigidity, diaphoresis, confusion, and possible seizure activities.
Name the drugs:
This anticoagulant requires monitoring of aPTT levels.
This anticoagulant requires monitoring of INR levels.
Heparin; warfarin
Name the drug:
This IV medication improves cardiac output by increasing contractility and causing vasodilation, but can lead to hypotension and ventricular dysrhythmias.
Milrinone
This drug works by inhibiting phosphodiesterase-3, increasing cAMP, which enhances cardiac contractility.
Name the drug:
This treatment destroys thyroid tissue and can lead to permanent hypothyroidism
Radioactive Iodine
After receiving this therapy, the client should avoid close contact with others (especially children and pregnant women) due to radiation exposure for at least a week.
Name the drug:
This medication lowers blood sugar by causing glucose to be excreted in urine, increasing risk of UTIs and dehydration.
Extra 100 points if you can name secondary use of this drug
SGLT2 Inhibitor (Empagliflozin)
Extra 100 points: Treats CHF
Name the drug:
This medication reduces airway inflammation but requires rinsing the mouth after use to prevent thrush.
Fluticasone
educate clients to rinse mouth after administration as well as educate how to utilize this inhaler- maintanence inhaler that is used daily and usually after albuterol is administrated.
Name the drug:
This medication is used for chest pain and requires sitting before taking due to risk of hypotension.
Extra 100 points if you can name the drug-drug interaction with this drug leading to life-threatening hypotension.
Nitroglycerin
This medication is contraindicated with sildenafil due to the drug-drug interaction leading to severe life threatening hypotension. Educate elderly men about this specifically
Name the drug:
This medication works by blocking sodium channels in cardiac cells, stabilizing the cardiac membrane used to treat ventricular dysrhythmias that may cause confusion, tremors, and seizures, indicating CNS toxicity
lidocaine
Name the drugs:
Thyroid medications used to treat both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism/thyroid storm. Name their adverse effects.
Levothyroxine treats hypothyroidism by providing synthetic T4 that may cause hyperthyroidism (tremors, fever, heat intolerance, weight loss)
Methimazole and PTU treats hyperthyroidism and causes angranulocytosis, increasing the risk for infection. PTU specifically treats thyroid storm.
Name the types of insulin:
Extra 100 points if you can name the #1 teaching when mixing insulin
Lispro:
👉 Key point: Give right before meals (or within 15 min of eating). High hypoglycemia risk soon after administration.
Regular:
👉 Key point: Only insulin that can be given IV. Give 30 min before meals.
NPH:
👉 Key point: Has a pronounced peak → higher hypoglycemia risk (especially midday or overnight depending on timing).
Glargine:
👉 Key point: Provides basal insulin coverage → Give once daily, same time each day and do NOT mix with other insulins
Extra 100 points: clear before cloudy