Nervous system
What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
Anatomically, not central and peripheral nervous system!
Brain and Spinal cord
How many valves does the heart have?
What gases do we exchange when we inhale and exhale to keep ourselves alive and healthy?
Bonus points (How does our body know when to breathe? ie. is it when we are low on oxygen or high on CO2?)
Oxygen is inhaled, and Carbon Dioxide is exhaled
Bonus points - chemoreceptors in our body sense when we have too much CO2 in our bloodstream
Which side of your abdomen is your stomach, and which side is your liver?
Stomach - Left
Liver - Right
You find someone unconscious without a pulse and not breathing. How do you save them?
CPR, 30 compressions - 2 breath delivery, AED. DON'T sing espresso
What are the two most important things the brain needs?
Oxygen and Sugar/glucose
What are the two values measured in blood pressure, in order?
hint: it has to do with the lub and dub sound of the heart that could be heard using a stethoscope.
Systole and Diastole
What is your voice box called?
Larynx
What does bright red throw-up indicate?
upper GI bleed or esophageal varices, which could mean other liver issues
What condition or disease causes an excess build-up of sugar in the bloodstream?
Bonus: What unusual phenomenon occurs in some females having a heart attack who have this condition?
Diabetes type 1 or 2,
Bonus: Some females experience "silent" heart attacks where they do not report pain.
What happens to the brain as you age?
Why are older populations at higher risk of brain injuries/concussions?
Brain shrinks.
Since the brain shrinks, it has room to rock in the skull, which can cause trauma if it hits the bony edges too hard.
What are the symptoms of a heart attack?
intense chest pressure/pain, shortness of breath, Nausea, light-headedness
What should you do if someone is choking or something is blocking their airway?
Heimlich maneuver for adults. firmly slap the infant's/child's back while holding them belly down over your arm, hand in front of you
What does the suffix -itis mean?
Bonus points: what about the suffix -ectomy?
inflammation
bonus points: to remove (maybe surgically)
You find someone whose arm has been severed and they are bleeding profusely. What should you do?
First, stop the bleeding! Apply firm pressure and resort to a tourniquet above (proximal) to the site of the wound if bleeding continues.
Bonus points if you said bring the rest of the person's arm with you to the hospital. They might be able to reattach it and save the limb.
What is it called when someone loses control of their body and starts shaking, or biting their tongue, or stops breathing?
Extra points: What is it called when someone experiences this in frequent, repeated intervals over a consecutive period of time?
A seizure
Extra points: status epilepticus
What is the average normal adult heart rate and blood pressure?
HR: 60-100
BP: 120/80
What is the biggest risk factor practice/behavior associated with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), such as emphysema?
Smoking
How long can one go without water or food?
3-5 days
Diabetic Ketoacidosis is an emergency where someone has too much sugar in their bloodstream, and the body starts metabolizing fat, which produces ketones. Patients with this emergency have an unusual-smelling breath. What does their breath smell like?
fruity breath or acetone (like nail polish remover)
What set of signs/symptoms do you look for in someone who is having a stroke? (hint: common acronym for this - FAST)
Facial droop, arm drift, slurred speech, time of onset
extra points: sudden balance issues, issues with eyes/vision, aphasia
Beck's triad - a set of symptoms characterized by low blood pressure, muffled heart sounds, and distended neck veins indicates what kind of heart condition?
Congestive heart failure or Cardiac tamponade
What is it called when a lung pops? ex. bullet wound, trauma, spontaneous
Bonus points: Why is it dangerous to forcefully pump oxygen/air into someone with this condition?
Pneumothorax
Bonus - they could develop tension pneumothorax as air builds up in the pleural cavity, which could compress the heart or cause jugular venous distention at the neck.
A male is complaining about severe pain in the flank area as well as in the groin. This pain gets worse when urinating. What does this patient probably have?
Kidney stones
What is the difference between Cardiac Arrest and a heart attack?
Extra points: What is the clinical term for a heart attack?
A heart attack is when the heart tissue is not getting supplied enough oxygen from the coronary arteries and heart tissue starts to die. Heart tissue is especially sensitive because it is a muscle that is constantly at work and needs oxygen or it will atrophy. Cardiac arrest, which can be caused by a heart attack, is when the normal electrical rhythm of the heart is disrupted and the heart becomes dysfunctional. Terms like Ventricular fibrillation describe when the heart is quivering rather than steadily pumping, which is why it needs to be shocked back to a natural rhythm.