Heart Structure
The 2 semilunar valves of the heart
What are the pulmonary semilunar valve and aortic semilunar valve?
The 3 types of capillaries
What is continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoid?
In relation to fetal circulation, this is the modified, postpartum structure of the foramen ovale
What is the fossa ovalis?
3 functions of blood
What are any of the following: transportation (of O2, nutrients, CO2, waste), temperature regulation, pH regulation, H2O regulation, aids immune system, and prevents blood loss?
3 symptoms of hypertension
What are any of the following: headache, dizziness, blurry vision, fatigue, heart palpitations
Honeycomb-like muscles of the R atrium
What are the pectinate muscles?
The vein that drains the medial thigh
What is the great saphenous?
The function of hepatic portal circulation
What is to drain the capillary beds of the digestive tract and transport this blood to the liver?
These compose approximately 45% of whole blood volume
What are formed elements (erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leukocytes)?
A treatment method for AV block
What is a pacemaker?
The 2 main branches of the R coronary artery
What are the posterior interventricular branch and marginal branch?
The tunica interna of an artery consists of
What is the endothelium, basement membrane, and internal elastic lamina?
The function of the Circle of Willis
What is to provide anastomoses?
These leukocytes can evolve into macrophages
What are monocytes?
The difference between sickle cell trait and sickle cell disease/anemia
What is sickled cell disease occurs in a person with two mutated HBB genes and sickle cell trait occurs in an individual with one mutated gene (a carrier)?
The pathway of blood from the R ventricle to the L atrium
What is the R ventricle - pulmonary SV - pulmonary trunk - pulmonary arteries - lungs - pulmonary veins - L atrium?
The 3 branches of the aortic arch
What is the brachiocephalic trunk, L common carotid artery, and L subclavian artery?
In the Circle of Willis, the L and R vertebral arteries merge to form the _____ artery
What is the basilar artery?
These leukocytes act during an allergic reaction
What are basophils and eosinophils?
The 4 main types of hypotension and their causes
What is chronic asymptomatic hypotension (no known cause), orthostatic hypotension (sudden movement), neurally-mediated hypotension (standing too long/emotional distress), and hypotension linked to shock?
The pericardium and layers of the heart wall, from DEEP to SUPERFICIAL
What is the endocardium, myocardium, epicardium (or visceral layer of serous pericardium), parietal layer of serous pericardium, and fibrous pericardium?
Path of bloodflow from the L adrenal gland back to the R atrium of the heart
What is the L adrenal gland - L suprarenal vein - L renal vein - inferior vena cava - R atrium?
The umbilical vein and arteries are modified to what structures after birth
What is the ligamentum teres and medial umbilical ligaments?
The granular leukocytes and their normal percentages of all WBCs within the blood
What are neutrophils (70%), eosinophils (2-4%), and basophils (1%)?
The most common cause of chronic myelogenous leukemia