Hematology
Cardio
Respiratory
Pig Parts
Case Studies
100
All of the parts of Hemoglobin
What is a Ferrous Ion, 2 alpha and 2 beta chains, Heme and globin molecules
100
The Layers of the heart
Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium All covered by Pericardial Sac
100
normal volume of air exhaled ~.5L
What is Tidal volume
100
An immediate bifurcation off of the abdominal aorta that splits into each leg.
What is the external iliac artery
100
A 14-year-old girl complained of fatigue and loss of stamina. Her appetite was marginal, as she was very conscious of maintaining her body weight at 96 pounds. Her monthly menstrual flow was always heavy and long from its onset at twelve years of age. Relevant laboratory findings included the following: Hematocrit (Hct) 28% Hemoglobin (Hgb) 9g/dL Iron 16ug/dL Bone marrow iron Absent Erythrocytes Small and pale Suggested treatment included ferrous sulfate or ferrous gluconate for six months orally between meals, since food may reduce absorption. A well-balanced diet was also suggested, as well as a gynecological examination. What is the primary disorder of this individual?
What is Iron-deficient anemia
200
The components and percentages of a Hct
What is 45% for RBC's on the bottom, <1% for WBC's in the middle "buffy coat", ~55% for Plasma on the top
200
A labeled EKG and what is happening in each part
P wave- atrial depolarization QRS complex- ventricular depolarization T wave- ventricular repolarization
200
Boyle’s Law
What is PV=nRT
200
The names of the 3 segments of artery branching off of the left hose of the aortic arch.
What is left subclavian, axillary, brachial artery
200
A 28 year old female patient comes to your office complaining of chest pain. You listen to her heart with your stethoscope and hear an extra noise in the pattern: Lubb Dubb dah. Is this new sound an S1, S2, S3 or S4 murmur? What is it indicative of?
What is S3 murmur, indicative of heart failure. The sound is coming after the AV and SL valves close (S1 and S2) and now there is a flutter in the AV valves allowing blood to pool into the ventricles early because they are regurgitative.
300
Universal Donor and Universal Recipient
What is Type O and Type AB
300
The electrical conduction pathway of the heart
SA node-> AV node-> Bundle of HIS-> Bundle Branch (right or left)-> Purkinje Fibers-> muscle cells
300
maximal amount of air exhaled beyond normal exhalation ~1L
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
300
Both of the branches off of the external iliac artery
What is femoral and deep femoral artery
300
A 19 year old male was was initially diagnosed with polycythemia because his hematocrit was 75% and his buffy coat was 5%. You read his chart and notice that his Sp02 values are normal, along with his erythropoeiten values. This tells you that it is not polycythemia 1 or 2, because the increase in RBC's is not due to a decrease in oxygen or an increase in the RBC producing hormone. After looking at the blood cells in the smear, you notice they are mostly immature and not fully functional. What is your diagnosis?
Elevated RBC and WBC counts mean that something is going awry in the bone marrow. An over-production of cells not caused by an increase in hormone must be caused by a mutation, or cancer. This disease is known as Leukemia, or Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).
400
A condition where a mother's antibodies attack the blood cells of a fetus because of a RBC surface antigen
What is Erythroblastosis Fetalis
400
A walkthrough of human circulation
What is Vena cava-> R. atrium-> Tricuspid valve-> R. Ventricle-> Pulmonary trunk-> Pulmonary artery-> lungs->Pulmonary vein->L.atrium -> Mitral Valve-> L. Ventricle-> aorta-> body
400
The landmark that connects the Thyroid cartilage and the trachea
What is the cricoid cartilage
400
a mid-aortic bifurcation into the splenic, hepatic and gastric arteries
What is celiac trunk
400
A 62-year-old male complained of weakness, headache, light-headedness, and fatigue. Upon physical examination, the following information was available. Erythrocytes 8.5 million/cu mm Leukocytes 12,500/cu mm Thrombocytes 400,000/cu mm Hct 58% O2 Saturation (arterial) 94% Serum erythropoeitin Undetectable The erythrocytes and leukocytes were immature in the peripheral blood smear. The spleen was enlarged. The determined therapy of choice was phlebotomy, 300-500mL every other day, until the hematocrit was <45% with the possibility of myelosuppressive therapy, if needed. 1. What was the disorder of this individual? 2. Why are arterial O2 saturation and erythropoietin levels important in making this decision?
What is Polcythemia
500
The five leukocytes we learned, with proper categories and properties
Granulocytes: Neutrophil- first responder, most abundant, 3-5 lobed nucleus, stains purple/red, bacterial infection Eosinophil- 2-3 lobed nucleus, stains red, parasitic infection Basophil- 1 lobed nucleus, stains blue, allergic reaction Agranulocytes: Monocytes- 12uM in diameter, very large and phagocytic lymphocytes- 9um, B cells and T cells
500
A walkthrough of Fetal circulation
Umbilican vein-> ductus Venosus-> Vena Cava-> R. Atrium-> Foramen Ovale-> L. Atrium-> L. Ventricle-> aortic arch-> head, neck, shoulders-> Superior V.C.-> R. Atrium-> Tricuspid valve-> Pulmonary Trunk-> Ductus Arteriosus-> Descending Aorta-> Umbilical Arteries (2)-> Placenta
500
inflammation of the lungs caused by bacterium (Streptococcus pneumoniae), causes fever, cough, blood in phlegm, breathing difficulty
What is Pneumonia
500
Supplies blood from a tiny branch off of the abdominal aorta to the large intestine.
What is the posterior mesenteric artery
500
A 30-year-old male developed flulike symptoms with fatigue, afternoon fever, night sweats, weight loss, abdominal cramping, and significant diarrhea. He had taken in very little water over the few days prior to admission to the hospital. Blood tests revealed the following: Hct 56% Leukocytes 1000/cu mm Serum Potassium 3.2 mEq/L CD4 T-cell counts <200/ uL of blood This individual was treated with antibiotics for infection and rehydrated with fluid containing potassium. The hematocrit reversed itself after the fluid was given and then the individual became anemic. 1. What is the diagnosis of this individual?
What is HIV/AIDS
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