Muscles
Gastrocnemius
Origin: by two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur
Insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Action: plantar flexes foot
Vastus Lateralis
Origin: linea aspera
Insertion: tibial tuberosity and patella
Action: extends leg
Pronator Teres:
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: midshaft of radius
Action: weak forearm flexor
Temporalis
Origin: temporal fossa
Insertion: coronoid process of mandible
Action: closes jaw
Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: lateral rotation of arm
Soleus
Origin: proximal portion of tibia and fibula
Insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Action: plantar flexion
Rectus Femoris
Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: tibial tuberosity and patella
Action: extends leg
Brachialis
Origin: distal portion of anterior humerus
Insertion: coronoid process of ulna
Action: flexor of forearm
Frontal Belly
Origin: epicranial aponeurosis
Insertion: skin of eyebrows and root of nose
Action: raises eyebrows
Teres Minor
Origin: lateral margin of posterior scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: lateral rotation of arm
Tibialis Anterior
Origin: lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibia
Insertion: by tendon into inferior surface of first cuneiform and metatarsal I
Action: prime mover of dorisflexion
Palmaris Longus
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
Action: tenses skin and fascia of palm
Biceps Brachii
Origin: short head: coracoid process; long head: supraglenoid tubercle and lip of glenoid cavity; tendon of long head runs in intertubercular sulcus and within capsule of shoulder jointInsertion: radial tuberosity
Action: flexion (powerful) and supination of forearm
Occipital Belly
Origin: occipital and temporal bones
Insertion: epicranial aponeurosis
Action: fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly
Teres Major
Origin: posterior surface at inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Action: extends, medially rotates, and adducts arm
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Origin: lateral condyle of tibia
Insertion: tendon divides into four parts
Action: prime mover of toe extension
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of metacarpals II and III
Action: powerful flexor and adductor of hand
Triceps Brachii
Origin: long head – inferior margin of glenoid cavity; lateral head – posterior Humerus; medial head – distal radial groove on posterior HumerusInsertion: olecranon of ulna
Action: powerful forearm extension
Action:
- prime mover of inspiration flattens on contraction
- increasing vertical dimension of thorax
- increases intra-abdominal pressure
Brachialis
Origin: distal portion of anterior humerus
Insertion: coronoid process of ulna
Action: flexor of forearm
Vastus Medialis
Origin: linea aspera
Insertion: tibial tuberosity and patella
Action: extends leg
Brachioradialis
Insertion: base of radial styloid process
Action: synergist in forearm flexion
Deltoid
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: acting as a whole, prime mover of arm abduction
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin: indirect attachment to spinous processes of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, last three-four ribs, and iliac crest
Insertion: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Action: prime mover of arm extension
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon and posterior surface of ulna
Insertion: base of metacarpal V; pisiform and hamate bones
Action: flexes and adducts hand