World relations
What is a polysemy?
When one word has several related meanings.
What is a proverb?
A traditional saying that expresses wisdom or advice.
What is a calque?
A word or expression translated literally, part by part, from another language.
What are international words?
Words used in several languages with similar forms and meanings.
What is a simple sentence?
A sentence with one independent clause.
Give two meanings of the word bank.
financial institution and the side of a river.
What does “Break the ice” mean?
To make people feel more comfortable in a social situation.
What is substitution in translation?
Replacing a word or expression with a suitable alternative in the target language.
Give two examples of international words.
Taxi, telephone....
Is “She is reading a book” simple or complex?
Simple
What is the difference between homonyms and synonyms?
Homonyms have the same form but different meanings; synonyms have similar meanings.
What is a phraseological unit?
A fixed expression whose meaning may differ from the literal meanings of its words.
Why do translators use substitution?
To make the translation more natural and understandable.
What are pseudo-international words?
Words that look similar across languages but have different meanings.
What is a complex sentence?
A sentence containing an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
What are paronyms? Give one example.
Words that are similar in form but different in meaning, such as economic and economical.
Translate the meaning of “It's raining cats and dogs.”
It's raining heavily.
What technique is used when a foreign word is adapted to the spelling or pronunciation rules of the target language?
Naturalization
What does English magazine mean, and what does Uzbek magazin mean?
English magazine means a publication; Uzbek magazin means a shop.
Is “I stayed home because I was ill” simple or complex? Why?
Complex, because it contains an independent clause and a dependent clause.
What is the difference between homographs and homophones?
Homographs have the same spelling; homophones have the same pronunciation.
Give an Uzbek equivalent of “Better late than never.”
Hechdan ko'ra kech.
An idiom cannot be translated word for word without losing its meaning. What should the translator do?
Use an equivalent idiom or expression in the target language.
What are realia? Give one Uzbek example.
Culture-specific words referring to objects, traditions, or institutions; for example, mahalla or do‘ppi.
Translate into English: “Havo sovuq bo‘lsa ham, ular sayr qilishdi.”
Although the weather was cold, they went for a walk.