Plant ID
This cool-season annual grass is the most widely used winter forage in the Southeast
What is Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)
Optimal soil pH range for most forage legumes is between ___ and ___
What is 6.0 and 7.0
Crude protein decreases and fiber concentration increases in this process
What is plant maturation
This method allows livestock to graze a narrow part of pasture before moving the fence back
What is strip grazing
What is phosphorus
This warm-season perennial grass forms dense sods and spreads by stolons and rhizomes; cultivars include Tifton 85 and Costal
Planting small-seeded forages like clovers too deep primarily reduces what key step in establishment
What is seedling emergence
This part of the plant typically has the highest digestibility for grazing
What are leaves
Rotational grazing improves this aspect of the pasture by allowing rest and regrowth between grazing periods
What is forage sustainability
This nutrient primarily regulates water balance and activates enzymes in plants
What is potassium
This cool-season perennial grass tolerates poor drainage and acidic soils but contains toxic endophyte
What is Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)
This is the optimal soil temperature for establishing cool-season grasses.
50-65 degrees Fahrenheit
Cutting hay at this stage can increase total digestible nutrients (TDN) and preserve quality
What is early maturity
This pasture management strategy uses multiple forage species to increase animal performance and reduce risk of seasonal forage gap
What is mixed-species grazing
This type of bacteria carries out nitrogen fixation in legumes
What is Rhizobium
This warm season perennial legume has pubescent stems, is highly tannic, and is used for summer grazing on low fertility soils
What is Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata)
This practice ensures good seed-soil contact and adequate moisture for seedlings during emergence
What is firming the seedbed?
This structural component limits digestibility because it cross links with cellulose and hemicelluose
What is lignin
This occurs when livestock preferentially graze certain plants
What is selective grazing
Low soil pH strongly reduces the availability of this nutrient essential for legume nodulation
What is molybdenum
This cool-season perennial legume spreads by stools and persists well under grazing in the Southeast
What is White Clover (Trifolium repens)
This measurement is used to determine the number of seeds needed per acre and ensures optimal forage density for establishment
What is seeding rate
Delaying harvest of silage often reduces quality and fermentation efficiency because it lowers sugars for fermentation and increases this
What is fiber content
This practice adjusts stocking rates based on forage availability, growth rates, and seasonal conditions to optimize animal gain and pasture health
What is adaptive grazing management
Overgrazing can increase soil erosion because it removes plant cover and reduces this below ground structure
What are roots