DNA Structure
Punnett Squares
Mutations
Meiosis
Genetics
100

What is the shape of DNA?

DNA has a double helix shape.

100

What is a Punnett square used for?

A Punnett square is used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.

100

What is a mutation?

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence.

100

What is the purpose of meiosis?

The purpose of meiosis is to produce haploid gametes for sexual reproduction.

100

What is a genotype?

A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, including its alleles.

200

What are the building blocks of DNA?

The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides.

200

What do the letters inside a Punnett square represent?

The letters represent alleles for a particular gene.

200

What are the main types of mutations?

The main types are point mutations, insertions, deletions, and frameshift mutations.

200

How many divisions occur in meiosis?

Meiosis involves two divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II.

200

What is a phenotype?

A phenotype is the observable traits or characteristics of an organism.

300

Which nitrogenous bases pair together in DNA?

Adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.

300

What is the genotype ratio for a monohybrid cross of two heterozygous individuals (Aa x Aa)?

The genotype ratio is 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa.

300

How can mutations be beneficial?

Beneficial mutations can lead to new traits that improve an organism's survival or reproduction.

300

What is crossing over, and when does it occur?

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I.

300

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Dominant alleles express their traits when present, while recessive alleles only express their traits when both alleles are recessive.

400

What type of bonds hold the nitrogenous bases together?

Hydrogen bonds hold the nitrogenous bases together.

400

What is the phenotype ratio for the same cross (Aa x Aa)?

The phenotype ratio is 3 dominant : 1 recessive.

400

What causes mutations?

Mutations can be caused by environmental factors (like radiation), errors during DNA replication, or inherited from parents.

400

How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?

Meiosis contributes to genetic diversity through crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes.

400

What is the law of independent assortment?

The law of independent assortment states that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other.

500

What is the function of DNA?

DNA stores genetic information and instructions for protein synthesis.

500

How do you determine the probability of an offspring inheriting a particular trait?

By analyzing the possible combinations of alleles in the Punnett square.

500

What is a silent mutation?

A silent mutation changes the DNA sequence without affecting the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein.

500

How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

Four genetically unique haploid daughter cells are produced.

500

How does codominance differ from incomplete dominance?

In codominance, both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype. In incomplete dominance, the phenotype is a blend of the two alleles.

M
e
n
u