Practice Questions 4

1

100

Which of the following was the most significant development of the Neolithic Revolution? (A) Improved human nutrition resulting from enhanced hunting skills (B) Dramatically altered weapons and warfare caused by the use of bronze technology (C) The adoption of settled agriculture that allowed more densely populated societies (D) Major advances in human brain function

(C) The adoption of settled agriculture that allowed more densely populated societies

200

By 1200 C.E. improved agricultural technology had spread throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa primarily through the (A) development of oxen immune to diseases carried by the tsetse fly (B) discovery of gold that provided a means of exchange among groups (C) expansion of the Sahara Desert, which forced Berber peoples to move south (D) migration of Bantu-speaking peoples with their knowledge of ironworking

What is (D) migration of Bantu-speaking peoples with their knowledge of ironworking

300

Early Buddhism and early Christianity were similar in which of the following ways? (A) Both incorporated the existing economic and social stratification of South Asia and the Middle East, respectively. (B) Both were receptive to male and female converts. (C) Neither sought members from the lower classes. (D) Neither supported the establishment of religious communities apart from society.

(B) Both were receptive to male and female converts.

400

Between 200 B.C.E. and 1450 C.E., the Silk Roads linked which of the following? (A) The Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean (B) North Africa and western Europe (C) East Asia and the Mediterranean Sea (D) The Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea

(C) East Asia and the Mediterranean Sea

500

“Women leave their families to marry, and the CHINESE POPULATION husband is the master of the household they marry 600–1200 C.E. into. . . . The husband is to be firm, the wife soft; conjugal affections follow from this. While at home, the two of you should treat each other with the formality and reserve of a guest. Listen carefully to and obey whatever your husband tells you. If he does something wrong, gently correct him. Don’t be like those women who not only do not correct their husbands but actually lead them into indecent ways.” Wife of a Tang dynasty official The excerpt above best illustrates which of the following attributes of Confucianism? (A) The equality of all members of the family (B) The power of wives over their husbands outside the home (C) The virtues and duties of family members (D) The legitimacy of selling women to worthy families

(C) The virtues and duties of family members

2

100

Many historians believe the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture led to societies that were more (A) isolated (B) egalitarian (C) patriarchal (D) dispersed

patriarchal

200

Which of the following processes is associated with the spread of Buddhism into Southeast Asia between 200 B.C.E. and 1000 C.E.? (A) Growth of a Buddhist warrior class (B) Rise of animism (C) Transformation of Buddhism after contact with local beliefs (D) Opposition from Christian monastic orders

(C) Transformation of Buddhism after contact

300

Which of the following best explains the changes in China’s population? (A) Immigration to China increased due to religious persecution of Buddhists in India and Southeast Asia. (B) Agricultural output increased as a result of the use of the new crop strains, iron plows, and expanded irrigation. (C) Less warfare with neighboring states and nomadic peoples also meant fewer casualties in wars and a population increase. (D) The Confucian emphasis on the importance of family led many Chinese to have more children.

(B) Agricultural output increased as a result of the use of the new crop strains, iron plows, and expanded irrigation.

400

Which of the following was most responsible for the initial spread of Islam to West Africa? (A) Soldiers who fought on behalf of the Abbasid caliphate (B) Officials in Sudanese empires (C) Merchants on the trans-Saharan trade routes (D) Muslims fleeing persecution on the Iberian peninsula

(C) Merchants on the trans-Saharan trade routes

500

During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, territories under Mongol control benefited from which of the following? (A) Widespread adoption of Confucian family hierarchies (B) Trade that facilitated the spread of Christianity throughout the Indian Ocean region (C) Trade that tied several distinct regional networks together (D) Widespread adoption of Buddhist religious practices

(C) Trade that tied several distinct regional networks together

3

100

As Islam spread between 1200 and 1600, it affected gender relations in which of the following ways? (A) Women were no longer allowed to be small- scale traders. (B) Polygamy became widespread. (C) Women became fully equal to men in terms of the right to divorce. (D) Existing local customs regarding marriage and the role of women blended with Islamic models.

(D) Existing local customs regarding marriage and the role of women blended with Islamic models.

200

The Little Ice Age, which lasted from 1300 to 1850 C.E., likely had the strongest effect on which of the following? (A) The fall of the Aztec civilization (B) The Protestant Reformation (C) The severity of the Black Death (D) The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople

(C) The severity of the Black Death

300

Which of the following would best support the conclusion that the Columbian Exchange involved more profound consequences than did earlier biological exchanges in world history? (A) Previous exchanges did not involve societies at radically different levels of technological development. (B) Previous exchanges did not involve the world’s two hemispheres. (C) The Columbian Exchange involved the peaceful transfer of animals, plants, and diseases. (D) The Columbian Exchange was accompanied by the spread of missionary religions.

(B) Previous exchanges did not involve the world’s two hemispheres.

400

In the period 900 to 1500 C.E., the Ottomans and the Aztecs were similar in that both peoples were (A) isolated from the major Eurasian trade routes (B) nomadic groups that migrated to already settled regions and conquered them (C) politically unified by the adoption of a monotheistic religion (D) able to dominate other societies with large horse-mounted armies

(B) nomadic groups that migrated to already settled regions and conquered them

500

Which of the following provides the best evidence of the extent of the migrations of Bantu peoples? (A) Similarities of languages (B) Similarities of political structures (C) Continuity of religious organizations (D) Archaeological remains of religious buildings

(A) Similarities of languages

4

100

During the period 1450 to 1750, which of the following commodities was most responsible for transforming the global economy? (A) Salt (B) Tea (C) Opium (D) Silver

What is Silver

200

Which of the following best supports the conclusion that Japan borrowed extensively from Tang and Song China? (A) Japan had established a decentralized power structure under a shogun by the eleventh century C.E. (B) Warriors or samurai gained substantial power and social status in Japan. (C) Societal relations in Japan were based on Confucian principles of hierarchy. (D) The Shinto religion continued to exert a strong influence on Japanese culture.

What is (C) Societal relations in Japan were based on Confucian principles of hierarchy.

300

The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain was most influenced by which of the following factors? (A) The amount and location of British petroleum reserves (B) The location and large number of British coal deposits (C) The aggressive promotion of industrialization by George III (D) The spread of cotton cultivation in southern England

What is (B) The location and large number of British coal deposits

400

What was the view of Doña Marina? (A) She is portrayed as a heroine. (B) She is portrayed as a victim. (C) She is portrayed as a collaborator with the Aztec elite. (D) She is portrayed as an essential part of the negotiations.

What is (D) She is portrayed as an essential part of the negotiations.

500

The Meiji reforms in Japan resulted in (A) the strengthening of the power of regional lords at the expense of the emperor (B) a shift of power away from regional lords and to the emperor (C) the Tokugawa shogunate’s adoption of a unified civil code (D) the overthrow of the imperial system for a democratic republic

What is (B) a shift of power away from regional lords and to the emperor

5

100

Which of the following accurately compares religious developments in India and China in the period 1450–1750 C.E.? (A) Indigenous religions slowly disappeared in both China and India. (B) Chinese elites tended to practice a religion different from that of commoners, whereas Indian elites tended to practice the same religion as that of commoners. (C) Chinese religious traditions spread into India more than Indian religious traditions spread into China. (D) Both India and China had growing Muslim populations.

What is (D) Both India and China had growing Muslim populations.

200

“Liberty and justice consist of restoring all that belongs to others; thus, the only limits on the exercise of the natural rights of woman are perpetual male tyranny; these limits are to be reformed by the laws of nature and reason.” Olympe de Gouges, French feminist, Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen, 1791 The passage above is an example of which of the following processes occurring in the eighteenth century? (A) The emergence of nationalism (B) The formation of separatist movements (C) The application of Enlightenment ideas (D) The growth of empirical science

What is (C) The application of Enlightenment ideas

300

Many historians have argued that by the late nineteenth century the industrialized nations of Europe had achieved global economic dominance more through force and coercion than through the superiority of their industrial products. Which of the following nineteenth-century developments would best support this contention? (A) The growth of industrial production in North America (B) The growth of South American agricultural exports (C) The abolition of slavery in the Americas (D) The decline of the Indian textile industry’s share of global manufacturing

What is (D) The decline of the Indian textile industry’s share of global manufacturing

400

Which of the following was a common characteristic of the major revolutions that occurred in Russia, China, and Mexico in the early twentieth century? (A) Nationalism and socialism helped shape all three revolutions. (B) Foreign powers played an important role in each revolution’s initial success. (C) The upper class of each society led the movement that resulted in revolution. (D) Each revolution failed after a short period of violent civil war.

What is (A) Nationalism and socialism helped shape all three revolutions.

500

Which of the following was a major long-term effect of the global economic depression of the 1930s? (A) Governments began to take a more active role in their economies. (B) Global warming was accelerated by increased burning of fossil fuels. (C) Land-based empires such as the Ottoman Empire became stronger. (D) Individuals such as Gandhi developed the practice of nonviolence.

What is (A) Governments began to take a more active role in their economies.