Intro to Anatomy
State the definition of Anatomy
the study of form or structure of the human body
Bonus 50: list three types of specialized anatomy (ex. cytology, histology, systemic anatomy, developmental anatomy, clinical anatomy)
Define:
a sinus
a foramen
Sinus: chamber within a bone, normally filled with air
Foramen: rounded passageway for blood vessels and/or nerves
Bonus 50: give an example of each
Name the three types of muscle
Smooth, Cardiac, and Skeletal
Bonus 50: provide an example of each
If an elbow is flexing in anatomical position, which plane is it moving in?
Saggital plane
How many vertebrae does each region of the spine have?
C1-C7
T1-T12
L1-L5
What are the four types of tissues found in the body?
neural tissue (brain, nerves, heart, intestines), muscle tissue, epithelial tissue (skin), connective tissue (tendons, ligaments, fat)
Bonus 50: example of each
What are the two types of osseous tissue?
cortical/compact bone, trabecular/spongy bone
bonus 50: state a characteristic of each Cortical: outer portion, very compact and strong, Trabecular: inner portion, light but creates rigidity
List four functions of skeletal muscle
Produces skeletal movement
Maintains posture and body position
Support soft tissues
Guards entrances and exits
Generates heat/maintains body temperature
Nutrient storage
Bonus 50: what are three characteristics of this kind of muscle? (cylindrival, striatet and multinucleate)
Provide a definition of: Agonist, Antagonist, Synergist and Fixator
Agonist= prime mover, Antagonist = opposes movement of an agonist, Synergist = smaller muscle that assists agonist, Fixator= prevents movement at one to allow at another
Bonus 50: provide an example of each
Manubrium, Sternal Body, Xiphoid Process
What is the purpose of a serous membrane?
to protect the organ and reduce friction
bonus 50: what are the three layers of a serous membrane called? visceral, cavity, and parietal
Name the three regions of a long bone
Epiphysis, Metaphysis, Diaphysis
A myofibril is made up of two filaments. What are they called?
Actin and myosin
Diarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Synarthrosis.
Bonus 50: provide an example of each (D: many, A: fibrous between tib/fib or pubic symphisis, S: teeth or sacrum fusion)
Which regions of the spine are primary curves, and which are secondary curves?
Cervical and Lumbar: secondary. Thoracic and Sacral: primary
Bonus 50: explain why primary and secondary curves exist
State the opposite of each: anterior, superior, proximal, lateral, superficial, cranial
posterior, inferior, distal, medial, deep, caudal
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Support
Storage of minerals (calcium) and lipids
Blood Cell Production
Protection
Leverage (force of motion)
When a sarcomere contracts, the BLANK lines move close together
Z lines
Describe a third class lever
fulcrum, applied force is close, load is at the end
Bonus 50: describe a second class lever (fulcrum, load, then applied force), and a first class lever (load and applied force on either side of fulcrum)
List the four abdominal muscles that do thoracic and lumbar flexion
External Obliques, Internal Obliques, Rectus Abdominis, Transversus Abdominis
Bonus 50: demonstrate the orientation of each
Name the building blocks of an organism, from the smallest to the organism level
atoms, cells, tissue level, organ level, organ system, organism level
Bonus 50: explain what each one is
Atoms: most simple
Cells: smallest living organism (first building blocks of life)
Tissue Level: similar cells combined
Organ Level: different tissues combined
Organ System: organs working with each other
Organism Level: combination of organ systems
Sutural, Irregular, Short, Long, Flat, Sesamoid
Bonus 50: provide an example of each
Muscle belly is surrounded by the BLANK, Muscle fascicle is surrounded by the BLANK, Muscle fiber is surrounded by the BLANK
epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium
What are the four components of Synovial Joints?
Joint Capsule, Synovial Membrane, Articular Cartilage, Synocial fluid
Bonus 50: name the four accessory structures (bursa, fat pad, meniscus, ligamnets)
Name two unique features of each kind of vertebrae (cervical, thoracic and lumbar)
Many things could be said here