CNS
The CNS is comprised of what two [structures]
The spinal cord and the brain
The _____ is the main artery of the heart
Aorta
This major fissure runs laterally, downward, and forward and arbitrarily divides the anterior from the posterior half of the brain
Central sulcus (Fissure of Rolando)
True or false: UMNs include the pathways of the pyramidal and the extrapyramidal systems.
TRUE
True or false: speech is typically produced on inhalation
FALSE. Speech is produced on exhalation.
Spinal accessory
The arteries of the neck are referred to as the _____ arteries
Carotid
This connects Broca's area and Wernicke's area
Arcuate Fasiculus
This direct motor activation pathway is primarily responsible for facilitating voluntary muscle movement (including speech)
Pyramidal system
List six structures that the processes of inhalation, exhalation, and speaking require the support of
Lungs, bronchi, trachea, spinal column, sternum, rib cage
This branch of the vagus nerve regulates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, excluding the cricothyroid
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN)
Name the major supplier of blood to the brain that consists of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries
Internal carotid artery
Primary auditory cortex and auditory association cortex area
The cerebellum can be considered the _____ of the brain because it constantly fine-tunes movements by comparing the action to the intended movement and makes adjustments as necessary.
Error control device
The bronchioles ultimately communicate with _____ that open into tiny air sacs in the lungs
Alveolar ducts
_____ refers to the motor neurons (efferent nerves) in the spinal and cranial nerves)
Lower motor neurons
This artery supplies primarily the middle portion of the parietal and frontal lobes
Anterior cerebral artery
The medulla is very important for speech production because it contains descending fibers that transmit _____ to _____
motor information; several cranial nerve nuclei
This structure is responsible for regulating equilibrium, body posture, and coordinating fine motor movements
Cerebellum
List the five abdominal muscles of EXpiration
latissimus dorsi; rectus abdominis; transversus abdominis; internal oblique abdominis; quadratus lumborum
LD RA TA IOA QL
This structure produces cerebrospinal fluid [a plasma-like fluid which bathes the CNS to protect the CNS and supply nutrients]
Choroid plexus
As they move up to the lower level of the pons, the two vertebral arteries join to form this artery
Basilar artery
This term is sometimes used in reference to the transverse convolutions that make up the auditory association cortex and the primary auditory cortex.
Heschl's gyri
Damage to the _____ _____ creates motor disturbances that fall under the rubric of involuntary movement disorders
extrapyramidal system
Summarize, in order, the seven basic steps of healthy inhalation
inhale, chest/lungs expand, diaphragm lowers, airflow through nose/mouth, air goes down pharynx and between open VF, air continues down through trachea/bronchial tubes, air reaches lungs