Treatments
True or False:
A wait-and-see approach is generally recommended for preschoolers and school-aged children
False
True or false:
Onset can be sudden or gradual
True
The three “main” forms of dysfluency
Repetitions, prolongations, and blocks
A 5-year-old child, Marcus, has been identified as needing stuttering treatment for his stuttering. His parents report that he has been stuttering since he was three years old and the stuttering has become worse. Now children tease him, and his parents are concerned that when he enters kindergarten, the teasing will become worse. The clinician decides to use one of the direct stuttering reduction methods with Marcus. Select the appropriate technique.
A. Delayed auditory feedback and slow speech
B. Auditory masking
C. Response cost
D. Airflow management and parental counseling
C. Response cost
The SLP is supposed to give the child tokens for fluent speech and take tokens away when they stutter.
Stuttering has been defined as
A. Dysfluencies that are stutter-like.
B. A speech event judged by an expert.
C. Excessive frequency and duration of dysfluencies.
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Teaching stuttering identification, desensitizing the client, modifying stuttering via cancellations, pull-outs, preparatory sets, and counseling the client are all used in this method:
a. Fluency Shaping
b. Fluent Stuttering
c. Fluency Reinforcement
d. Direct Stuttering Reduction
B. Fluent stuttering
Name a secondary behavior to stuttering.
Excessive muscular effort
Eye blinks
Facial grimaces
Foot taps
Hand movements
Tongue clicks
Rapid opening/closing of mouth
Associated breathing abnormalities
The following examples are all _____:
1. I lllllllllike it
2. My mmmmmmmom said so
Prolongations
A pediatrician has referred to you a 3-year-old boy for stuttering assessment. The pediatrician is not sure whether the dysfluencies she has observed in the child are normal or indicative of stuttering. You have recorded a speech sample and have analysed the frequency of dysfluencies. On what basis would you diagnose stuttering in this child and recommend treatment (Hint: think like an ableist)?
A. I would diagnose stuttering and recommend treatment if the dysfluency rate is 10% or more of the words spoken.
B. I would diagnose stuttering and recommend treatment if the child exhibits notable associated motor behaviors.
C. I would diagnose stuttering and recommend treatment if the disfluency rate is 5% or more of the words spoken.
D. I would diagnose stuttering and recommend treatment if the child is anxious about speaking and avoids most speaking situations.
C. I would diagnose stuttering and recommend treatment if the disfluency rate is 5% or more of the words spoken.
Research on the prevalence of stuttering has shown that
A. Familial incidence is higher than in the general population.
B. Sons of stuttering mothers run a greater risk than sons of stuttering fathers.
C. Blood relatives of a stuttering woman run a greater risk of stuttering themselves than those of a stuttering man
D. All of the above.
D. All of the above
The following is NOT used in the fluency shaping method:
a. Prolonged speech
b. Airflow Management
c. Gentle onset
d. Pause and talk (time out)
d. Pause and talk (time out)
True or false:
Psychogenic stuttering is typically associated with neurological disorders (e.g., TBI, Parkinson’s, apraxia, aphasia)
False. Neurogenic stuttering is typically associated with neurological disorders (e.g., TBI, Parkinson’s, apraxia, aphasia).
Psychogenic stuttering is associated with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress.
An articulatory posture held for a longer duration than average with no vocalizations- holding the position for ‘p’ in “pot” for a long time without saying it, often with increased muscular tension.
Blocks (also called silent prolongations)
You have two young adult males who are seeking treatment for their fluency problem. You have diagnosed stuttering in one person and cluttering in the other. To make it simple, you prefer to use the same procedure with both of them. What would that be?
A. Fluency shaping
B. Fluent stuttering
C. Response Cost
D. Delayed Auditory Feedback
A. Fluency shaping
Stuttering in preschool children is more likely to occur on:
A. Content words
B. Function words
C. Final words in a sentence
D. Vowels
B. Function words
The most famous parent-centered treatment method (Jim does not recommend it)
A. Reeves
B. Delayed Auditory Feedback
C. Lidcombe
D. Franklin-Pierce
C. Lidcombe
_________ stuttering is fake stuttering to gain an advantage, for example getting out of having to give an oral presentation in class.
A. Malingered
B. Faux pas
C. Munchausen’s
D. Flippant
A. Malingered
The following examples are all _____:
1. S-s-saturday
2. I-I-I need help
3. I am I am I am fine
Repetitions
*DAILY DOUBLE*
A 23-year-old client recently completed an intensive 3-week-long summer program for stuttering and now exhibits stuttering symptoms on fewer than 3 percent of syllables during both in-clinic conversations with the SLP and beyond clinic conversations with family members. The SLP is concerned that the client might relapse now that intervention has ended and wishes to enact a plan to help the client maintain fluency gains. Which of the following plans is the most likely to result in maintenance of fluency gains?
a. Recommending that the client participates in an annual intensive review of stuttering management skills
b. Recommending that the client practice fluency management skills during monthly telephone calls with the SLP
c. Ensuring the client understands the need for continued use of stuttering management techniques and referring to a local SLP for ongoing treatment
d. Scheduling the client for re enrollment in the intensive 3-week-long intervention program
c. Ensuring the client understands the need for continued use of stuttering management techniques and referring to a local SLP for ongoing treatment
Studies of rates of natural recovery of stuttering suggest that
A. Less than 20% of children who stutter recover naturally
B. All children who stutter recover by age 8
C. Once started, stuttering persists in all children.
D. The recovery may be as low as 45% or as high as 90%
D. The recovery may be as low as 45% or as high as 90%
Discussion of psychological issues, emotions, attitudes that come up with stuttering.
Reeducation of the client about a more realistic and rational approach to stuttering.
These forms of treatment are all used in this method:
a. Psychological methods of treatment
b. Fluent stuttering method
c. Fluency shaping method
d. Fluency reinforcing method
A. Psychological Methods of Treatment
True or false:
Children of mothers who stutter are more likely to stutter than children of fathers who stutter.
True
The following examples are all _____:
Reduced speech intelligibility (omission and compression of sounds or syllables)
Rapid and irregular speech rate
Dysfluencies (especially word and phrase repetitions, pauses, interjections(“um,” “like”) and revisions)
Disorganized language (e.g., spoonerisms- instead of “many people think so”-”many thinkle peep so”)
Cluttering
A 32-year old man, Frank, wants to go to law school. He is very bright, but stutters and has been working in minimum wage jobs where he does not have to do much talking. Frank shares that he has passed the entrance exam to get into law school, but is afraid to enroll in classes. He feels frustrated by his dilemma and says that he is experiencing a great deal of anxiety about his situation. The clinician decides to use the fluent stuttering method. This would include:
A. Not discussing Frank's’ feelings and attitudes but rather teaching and establishing skills such as airflow management, reduced rate and easy onset of phonation.
B. Encouraging Frank to discuss his feelings and attitudes about his stuttering, desensitizing him to his stuttering, and using procedures such as timeout and response cost
C. using delayed auditory feedback, masking, and procedures such as time-out and response cost.
D. allowing Frank to discuss his feelings and attitudes toward his situation, desensitizing Frank to his stuttering, and helping him modify his stuttering through the use of such techniques as cancellations and pull-outs.
D. allowing Frank to discuss his feelings and attitudes toward his situation, desensitizing Frank to his stuttering, and helping him modify his stuttering through the use of such techniques as cancellations and pull-outs.
*DAILY DOUBLE*
Parents generally report that the onset of stuttering in their children is associated with
A. Nothing unusual
B. Stressful family situations
C. Accidental head injury
D. Severe illness
A. Nothing unusual