Dysphagia
An SLP at a SNF has been asked by a physician to perform a bedside swallow evaluation on an elderly patient with whom they have been working. The SLP knows that there are multiple and typical changes to the swallow as one ages. Which of the following would be considered an abnormal result.?
A. Increase duration of the swallow
B. Reduction in smell and taste
C. Increased presence of aspiration
D. Reduced salivary flow
C. Increased presence of aspiration
In assessing a someone who has an acquired brain injury, it is most important for the SLP to..
a) assess pragmatics through a structured language test
b) compare premorbid performance with present performance
c) ensure administration of an intelligence test
d) administer structures phonology tests
e) compare nonverbal performance with verbal performance
b) compare premorbid performance with present performance
In developing a test with 100 items, a test developer correlates responses to the first 50 items with responses to the last 50 items. What is this intended to evaluate?
A. Test-retest reliability
B. Interjudge reliability
C. Split-half reliability
D. Parallel form reliability
C. Split-half reliability
At what point on the vocal folds do nodules usually form?
A. juncture of the anterior 1/3 and posterior 2/3 of the vocal fold length
B. laryngeal ventricle
C. anterior commissure
D. juncture of the posterior 1/3 and anterior 2/3 of the vocal fold length
A. juncture of the anterior 1/3 and posterior 2/3 of the vocal fold length
The outer hair cells of the cochlea...
a) increase sensitivity to low-intensity sounds
b) sensory cells for balance
c) increase sensitivity to low-frequency sounds
d) located on Reissner's membrane
e) replaced when they wear out
a) increase sensitivity to low-intensity sounds
A patient in an acute care rehabilitation setting is receiving dysphagia therapy services. The patient presents with reduced laryngeal elevation. Which of the following techniques would be best suited for this patient?
A. Supraglottic swallow
B. Effortful swallow
C. Mendelsohn maneuver
D. Masako maneuver
C. Mendelsohn maneuver
A client exhibits weakness, atrophy and fasciculation of the right side of the tongue and lower face. The client has right vocal-fold weakness and nasal regurgitation of fluid when swallowing. These problems are the result of a single tumor of the nervous system located where?
a) brainstem
b) cerebellum
c) left cerebral cortex
d) right cerebral cortex
e) lumbar spinal cord
a) brainstem
External validity of a study may be threatened by
A. the Hawthorne effect.
B. statistical regression.
C. maturation.
D. attrition.
A. the Hawthorne effect.
Which muscles is primarily responsible for vocal fold abduction?
a) thyroarytenoid
b) posterior cricoarytenoid
c) cricothyroid
d) interarytenoid
e) lateral cricoarytenoid
b) posterior cricoarytenoid
A classroom teacher refers a 9-year-old African American male student to you because she is concerned about his intelligibility. This teacher is anxious to avoid the mistake of mislabeling this student as having a "speech disorder" if he is merely manifesting characteristics of AAE. When you screen the boy, you find that he makes the following substitutions: d/m, f/n, and m/n. You would:
A. let the classroom teacher work with the student because this is such a mild problem
B. do nothing, knowing that boys mature more slowly than girls
C. do nothing, realizing that his is normal for speakers of AAE
D. treat the student, because this is a sign of articulatory-phonological disorder involving substitutions of nasals with other sounds
E. treat the students, because even though these are typical patterns for speakers of AAE, the boy needs to learn Mainstream American English articulation patterns
D. treat the student, because this is a sign of articulatory-phonological disorder involving substitutions of nasals with other sounds
A patient at an acute rehabilitation hospital is working with an SLP on therapy techniques to improve his/her symptoms of dysphagia, which primarily consist of decreased laryngeal elevation. Which of the following techniques would best be suited to this patient?
A. Shaker head lifts and Mendelsohn maneuver
B. Supraglottic swallow and super-superglottic swallow
C. Effortful swallow and the Masako maneuver
D. VitalStim followed by thin liquids
A. Shaker head lifts and Mendelsohn maneuver
A patient is referred to you with presence of left-side neglect, anosognosia, visuospatial problems, and difficulty with topic maintenance and turn taking. Auditory comprehension and repetition skills are intact. What is the diagnosis?
a) Wernicke's aphasia
b) Conduction aphasia
c) Verbal apraxia
d) Cog-comm disorder consistent with right hemisphere damage
e) Cog-comm disorder consistent with left hemisphere damage
d) Cog-comm disorder consistent with right hemisphere damage
In the scientific method, what is the experiment-first-and-explain-later approach?
A. Deductive method
B. Null hypothesis method
C. Inductive method
D. Alternative hypothesis method
C. Inductive method
Which of the following muscles opposes velopharyngeal closure?
a) musculus uvulae
b) levator veli palatini
c) palatoglossus
d) glossopharyngeus
e) stylopharyngeus
c) palatoglossus
What area needs to be evaluated first for a 5 yr old who says [pun] for "spoon" and [top] for "soap"?
a) auditory discrimination
b) dialectal differences
c) disordered phonological system
d) dyslexia
e) motor planning
c) disordered phonological system
How does the presence of a tracheotomy tube influence swallowing performance?
A. It blocks the opening of the mouth
B. It blocks off the passageway between the pharynx and esophagus
C. It creates an abnormal air exchange
D. All of the above
C. It creates an abnormal air exchange
Treatment programs for adult clients with mild TBI are most likely to focus on...
a) development of rapid automatized naming of common objects
b) improvement of short term memory skills
c) improvement of repetition skills
d) complete recovery of long-term memory skills
e) training in the use of scanning techniques
b) improvement of short term memory skills
While evaluating the efficacy of a treatment procedure for aphasia, an investigator made sure that the clients in the experimental and control groups did not receive any other form of therapy during the course of the experimental study. This was done to
A. increase the amount of improvement in the clients.
B. eliminate scheduling conflicts.
C. rule out the influence of confounding variables.
D. ensure that the Hawthorne effect was not operating
C. rule out the influence of confounding variables.
THe sensorimotor integration of the muscles of the lower face depends on which two of the cranial nerves?
a) accessory and hypoglossal
b) trigeminal and facial
c) auditory and trigeminal
d) vagus and glossopharyngeal
b) trigeminal and facial
Which federal statutes mandates that movie theaters provide assistive listening devices to individuals with hearing loss?
a) section 504, rehabilitation act, as amended
b) architectural barriers act of 1969, as amended
c) americans with disabilities act of 1990, as amended
d) individuals with disabilities education improvement act
e) section 255 of the telecommunications act of 1996
c) Americans with disabilities act of 1990, as amended
A patient who exhibits reduced lip closure, reduced tongue grooving and reduced to tongue-to-palate contact is most likely experiencing a dysphagia in which phases of the swallow, indicate all correct choices?
A. Oral phase
B. Oral Preparatory phase
C. Pharyngeal phase
D. Esophageal phase
A. Oral phase
B. Oral Preparatory phase
Laborious, halting, telegraphic utterances are typical of patients with which type of aphasia?
a) conduction
b) global
c) wernicke
d) transcortical motor
e) transcortical sensory
d) transcortical motor
A researcher who was developing a new test of language acquisition in children correlated the scores of children studied with the scores on an established test of known validity. What kind of validity is this?
A. Predictive validity
B. Content validity
C. Concurrent validity
D. Construct validity
C. Concurrent validity
The resistance of the laryngeal airway during phonation is defined as the...
a) sub-glottal pressure divided by the mean phonatory airflow
b) phonation volume divided by the maximum phonation time
c) mean phonatory airflow divided by peak intra-oral pressure
d) mean phonation threshold pressure
e) reciprocal of the open quotient
a) sub-glottal pressure divided by the mean phonatory airflow
A child with cerebral palsy seems to produce a diminished oral airflow during the production of certain consonants. The most accurate method of verifying this impression would be to use which type of instrument?
a)a face mask coupled to a pneumotachograph
b) a warm-wire anemometer
c) a u-tube water manometer
d) an accelerometer
e) a wet spirometer
a) a face mask coupled to a pneumotachograph