Biotech
What is biotech short for?
Biotechnology
What is the name of the monk also commonly said to be the father of modern genetics?
Gregor Mendel
Does interphase go before or after metaphase?
Before.
How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?
4
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
Transcription - DNA to RNA; translation - RNA to protein.
What is the process of inserting a gene from one organism into another to give it new traits?
Genetic modification/Gene engineering
What term describes the traits of an organism, such as color or shape?
Phenotype
In what phase of mitosis does the nuclear membrane disappear?
Prophase
In Down syndrome, which pair of chromosomes has 3 chromosomes instead of 2?
21
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA → RNA → Protein
What protein, isolated from bacteria, is used to cut DNA at specific sequences?
Slide 10
50%
What is the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?
Helping to separate spindle fibers
What is the difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?
Meiosis I separates chromosomes, meiosis II separates chromatids.
What is the function of a ribosome during translation?
It assembles amino acids into proteins.
What small, circular piece of DNA is often used in genetic engineering?
Plasmid
Slide 11
Slide 12
A diploid cell has 18 chromosomes. It goes through mitosis. How many chromosomes in each of its daughter cells?
18
At which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?
Anaphase 1
What are mutations? How can they affect protein synthesis?
Note: Each correct question is worth 200 points.
Mutations: changes in DNA sequences
They can affect structure and function of proteins.
What process makes many copies of a small piece of DNA?
Polymerase Chain Reaction
What is a genetic cross of two different traits that usually results in a 9:3:3:1 ratio?
Dihybrid crossing
What is the name of the process of asexual reproduction used by prokaryotes?
Binary Fission
What are the three main categories of life cycles in multicellular organisms?
Diploid Dominant
Haploid Dominant
Alternation Of Generations
Name 3 (of so so so many) mechanisms that are in place to limit the effects mutations can have on structure and function of proteins?
Possible answers:
- DNA repair mechanisms (mismatch pairs, excision repairs, break repairs)
- multiple codons can encode the same amino acid
- chaperone proteins (the fold removers)
- protein stabilising processes (phosphorylation)
- Paralogs (multiple genes that an preform the same function)
- up/down-regulation of proteins (gene expression regulation)