Chapters 1-2
1: What are the 2 groups in an experiment?
2: What are the 3 variables?
1: Control and Experimental Groups
2: Independent, Dependent, and Constant
Where do Carnivores get their energy?
They eat meat or other animals.
What shape are these graphs:
Exponential Growth
Logistic Growth
J-Curve
S-Curve
Does Passive Transport require ATP energy?
No
What does the nucleus do in the cell?
Store genetic material and gives instructions to the cell.
The following are correct:
High Specific Heat
Cohesion
Adhesion
Universal Solvent
Polar
Capillary Action
Less Dense when Frozen
What percent of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next in the pyramid of energy.
10%
Explain the concept of carrying capacity.
Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can sustainably support over time. It is determined by key limiting factors like food, water, habitat space, and disease.
How does water pass through the cell membrane?
Osmosis
What is it called when water evaporates from directly inside of a plant?
Transpiration
Are Viruses considered living?
Explain why or why not.
Viruses are considered nonliving because:
They don’t have a metabolism
They are not made of cells
They cannot reproduce on their own or with another virus’s help
They cannot maintain homeostasis
Identify which of the following factors are density-independent:
Flood and Freezing Winter
Which of the following structures are found in eukaryotic cells AND prokaryotic cells:
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Genetic Material
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
Genetic Material
Cell Membrane
Where in the chloroplast does the Calvin Cycle occur?
The stroma
Which elements are contained in both Proteins and Lipids?
CHO (Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen)
Name 4 Characteristics of Life.
Any 4 of these are accepted:
Contains Genetic Code
Responds to Stimuli
Reproduces
Maintains Homeostasis
Has Metabolism
Made of Cells
Evolves
Grows and Develops
Explain the process of biomagnification and which trophic level it affects the most.
Biomagnification is the process where the concentration of toxic substances increases at each successive link in the food chain. This phenomenon occurs because apex predators consume large quantities of lower-level organisms, causing fat-soluble toxins to accumulate at dangerous levels
Who discovered that plants are made of cells?
Who discovered that animals are made of cells?
Matthais Schleiden
Theodor Schwann
Which coenzyme is reduced during the Light-Dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
NADP+
What is the difference between Cillia and Flagella?
Cilia are short and numerous, flagella are long and few, and cilia move in coordinated back-and-forth waves while flagella move like a whip or propeller.
Dehydration synthesis joins small molecules (monomers) into larger chains (polymers) by removing water, which builds mass and stores energy. Conversely, hydrolysis splits polymers back into monomers by adding water, which breaks bonds and releases energy. They are exact chemical opposites that manage biological building blocks
Describe the Nitrification stage of the nitrogen cycle.
Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process where soil bacteria convert toxic ammonia or ammonium into nitrites and then into nitrates, which plants can safely absorb and use to grow
Explain the Endosymbiotic Theory and which organelles are involved.
The Endosymbiotic Theory states that key organelles inside complex eukaryotic cells—specifically mitochondria and chloroplasts—evolved from free-living prokaryotic bacteria that were engulfed by a larger host cell billions of years ago, forming a permanent, mutually beneficial relationship
Explain how endocytosis works and does it require ATP?
Endocytosis is an active transport process where a cell brings large molecules, fluids, or whole cells inside by wrapping its cell membrane around them to form a tiny pouch or bubble called a vesicle. Yes, endocytosis requires energy in the form of ATP to power the membrane movement, vesicle pinching, and protein machinery
Name all the levels of organization (Combine the 2 chains) from Cell to Biosphere.
Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, Biosphere.