Unit 1 Part 1
Unit 1 Part 2
Unit 1 Part 3
Unit 1 Part 4
Unit 1 Part 5
100
Counties in Map 2 with the highest percentage increase in population are located in which areas of Map 1?
A. The northern border with Canada
B. The southern border with Mexico
C. Areas that have more than 80 percent of the population living in urban areas
D. Areas that have less than 50 percent of the population living in urban areas
Map 1: PERCENT POPULATION RESIDING IN URBAN AREAS BY COUNTY, 2010
Map 2: PERCENT INCREASE/DECREASE IN POPULATION DENSITY, 1930-2000
Answer C
This is the best answer. The maps clearly show the direct relationship between the increase in population density, or the number of people per unit of area, and the percentage of the population living in urban centers. The areas of Map 2 that show more than 1,000 percent increase in density are located in areas of Map 1 that contain an urban population greater than 80 percent.
100
Based on the information in the chart, what effect would geographers expect the population trends to have had on spatial reorganization during the 1950s?
A. The demolition of residential buildings in order to devote more land to agriculture.
B. The expansion of retirement communities to address the large number of retirees leaving the workforce
C. The reduction of new building projects due to Japan's rapidly declining population
D. The construction of more schools and universities to meet the demands of a growing youth population
Percentage of Overall Population by Age, Japan, 1950
Answer D
This is the best answer. In 1950, Japan’s largest population segments were young children, followed by older children. As those groups aged, it would be plausible that the government would respond by expanding resources such as schools to meet the needs of an influx of students.
100
Based on both maps, which choice best describes the change in religious buildings between 1771 and 2011?
A. Most religious buildings were preserved to maintain cultural continuity.
B. Many religious buildings were replaced by government or residential buildings.
C.Many religious buildings were replaced by parks or museums.
D. Many new religious buildings were built around the city.
Map 1: PARIS, 1771
Map 2: PARIS, 2011
Answer B
This is the best answer. The maps show that as many as twelve religious buildings from 1771 were replaced or their purpose was changed to government or residential buildings by 2011.
100
Examine the location of the canal on Source 2. Which choice best explains why the Isthmus of Panama was selected as the site for construction of the canal?
A. The location separated the continents of North and South America.
B. The location helped keep Panama well defended against neighboring countries.
C. Constructing the canal in this location allowed neighboring countries to access the Caribbean Sea
D. Constructing the canal in this location created more efficient routes for shipping goods.
Source 2: MAP OF PANAMA CANAL
Answer D
This is the best answer. Passage through the canal allowed ships to travel between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans without having to travel around the entirety of South America.
100
Source A shows that ______________ This Trend _________ the claim in Source 2 that silt provided by the river cannot keep up with natural erosion.
A. Both the Islands and The Mainland expereinced erosion between 1932-2011, Supports
B. 2/3's of the Mainland in 1932 had erroded by 2011, Challanges
Source 1: Louisiana Wetlands, 1932 to 2011
The area shown on the map is located along the Gulf of Mexico about 80 miles south of New Orleans.
Source 2: Louisiana’s Wetlands
John Tibbetts, science writer, academic article, 2006.
Most of New Orleans is below sea level. South Louisiana’s coastal wetlands, which once helped buffer the city from giant storms, have been disappearing at a swift pace. Now some researchers are calling for restoration of wetlands and barrier islands to help protect New Orleans.
An average of 34 square miles of South Louisiana land, mostly marsh, has disappeared each year for the past five decades, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.
The vast watershed of the Mississippi River sends sediment-rich runoff to the Gulf of Mexico, where great floods periodically burst over the riverbanks, allowing huge quantities of silt to settle and nourish wetlands.
The city of New Orleans drained surrounding wetlands to prevent disease and encourage development. The city eliminated swamps following mosquito-borne yellow fever epidemics that killed 40,000 residents between 1817 and 1905.
New Orleans also continually built higher and stronger levees to contain river flooding.
Today, South Louisiana is one of the most intensively engineered places in the nation. Walled off from the floodplains, the river can no longer provide enough silt to the delta to keep up with natural [erosion] and sea level rise.
A. Both the Islands and The Mainland expereinced erosion between 1932-2011, Supports
200
Map 2 provides evidence that population density in the United States has
A. decreased most significantly in the central United States.
B. decreased most significantly in the southwestern United States.
C. increased most significantly in the northeastern United States.
D. increased at the same rate in all regions of the United States.
Map 1: PERCENT POPULATION RESIDING IN URBAN AREAS BY COUNTY, 2010
Map 2: PERCENT INCREASE/DECREASE IN POPULATION DENSITY, 1930-2000
Answer A
This is the best answer. Map 2 shows that more counties in the central United States experienced a decline in population density from 1930 to 2000 than did those located in other regions of the United States.
200
Based on Source 2, most settlement in Cape Town, South Africa, is concentrated
A.along a river delta.
B. in mountainous areas.
C. in low-lying areas.
D. near farmland.
Source 1: Image of Cape Town, South Africa, 2022
Source 2: Transportation Network and Elevation of Cape Town, South Africa, 2022
Answer C
This is the best answer. Source 2 shows that there are very few roads, and thus very little settlement in Cape Town, South Africa, in the areas with high elevation. Thus most settlement in Cape Town is in low-lying areas.
200
Which choice is most likely to have contributed to the spatial reorganization depicted in these maps?
A. Demographic changes resulting from the increase of international migrants moving to Paris
B. Demographic changes resulting from the increase of birth rates in Paris
C. Political changes resulting from the growing role and scope of French government
D. Political changes resulting from the growing role of religion in French government
Map 1: PARIS, 1771
Map 2: PARIS, 2011
Answer C
This is the best answer. The maps show that much more space was utilized for government buildings in 2011 than in 1771. This implies that the significant growth of the French national government likely contributed to the change in spatial organization of this region over time.
200
Which choice best describes an advantage of Source 1 over Source 2 for illustrating the key issues associated with building the Panama Canal?
A. Source 1 shows the political obstacles of managing an international building project.
B. Source 1 shows how economic production in the Caribbean changed over time.
C. Source 1 shows methods necessary for working in challenging topographical terrain.
D. Source 1 shows how Panama is located in relation to other countries in the region.
Source 1: PHOTOGRAPH OF PANAMA CANAL CONSTRUCTION
Steam shovel excavating and loading dump cars in the Culebra Cut section of the Panama Canal, December 1904.
Source 2: MAP OF PANAMA CANAL
Answer C
This is the best answer. Source 1 shows the use of rail technology and other machines necessary for moving large amounts of earth in hilly and rocky terrain.
200
Source 2 best supports which statement about human adaptations to the environment?
A. Humans modify water systems, which affects ecology and biodiversity.
B. Humans move plants and pathogens, which changes physical landscapes.
C. Humans experience natural resource scarcity, which caused them to initiate trade.
D. Humans improve their agricultural practices, which results in changes to the land.
Source 2: Louisiana’s Wetlands
Source: John Tibbetts, science writer, academic article, 2006.
Most of New Orleans is below sea level. South Louisiana’s coastal wetlands, which once helped buffer the city from giant storms, have been disappearing at a swift pace. Now some researchers are calling for restoration of wetlands and barrier islands to help protect New Orleans.
An average of 34 square miles of South Louisiana land, mostly marsh, has disappeared each year for the past five decades, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.
The vast watershed of the Mississippi River sends sediment-rich runoff to the Gulf of Mexico, where great floods periodically burst over the riverbanks, allowing huge quantities of silt to settle and nourish wetlands.
The city of New Orleans drained surrounding wetlands to prevent disease and encourage development. The city eliminated swamps following mosquito-borne yellow fever epidemics that killed 40,000 residents between 1817 and 1905.
New Orleans also continually built higher and stronger levees to contain river flooding.
Today, South Louisiana is one of the most intensively engineered places in the nation. Walled off from the floodplains, the river can no longer provide enough silt to the delta to keep up with natural [erosion] and sea level rise.
Answer A
This is the best answer. The passage shows that efforts to modify and control water resources have had complex effects on ecology and biodiversity. It discusses how engineering the Mississippi River has limited flooding, decreased wetlands, and influenced the animals and pathogens that live in the Louisiana wetlands.
300
Which regional pair is most similar according to the change in population density shown in Map 2?
A. Western Texas and Alaska
B. The southern Gulf Coast and northern Maine
C. The northwestern and northeastern United States
D. Southern California and southern Florida
Map 1: PERCENT POPULATION RESIDING IN URBAN AREAS BY COUNTY, 2010
Map 2: PERCENT INCREASE/DECREASE IN POPULATION DENSITY, 1930-2000
Answer D
This is the best answer. Both southern California and southern Florida experienced significant population growth, with some counties increasing in density by more than 5,000 percent.
300
Based on Source 1 can best be used for
A. Understanding the natural site and situation of the city
B. Understand how migration effects demographics
C. Plan Urban ifastrutucture projects
D. Improve agricultural production
Source 1: Image of Cape Town, South Africa, 2022
Source 2: Transportation Network and Elevation of Cape Town, South Africa, 2022
Answer A
300
The graph below has FIVE zones. Select the zone that shows the most significant change in the Chinese emission levels.
A. 1960-1970
B. 1970-1980
C. 1980-1990
D. 1990-2000
E. 2000-2010
Graph 1: ANNUAL EMISSIONS OF CARBON FROM 1960 TO 2015
Answer E
300
Based on Map 1, which statement is an accurate observation about the physical geography of mainland Southeast Asia?
A. Mainland Southeast Asia is an arid region with large deserts.
B. The large rivers in Southeast Asia originate in a single mountainous region.
C. It is difficult to access the ocean from most regions of Southeast Asia.
D. Most mountainous regions in Southeast Asia are along the coasts.
Map 1: Elevation and Rivers in Mainland Southeast Asia
Answer B
This is the best answer. The map shows multiple major rivers that begin in the mountainous region in southern China and northern parts of Southeast Asia and flow toward the Indian Ocean and South China Sea.
300
Based on Source 2 (Population Pyramids), what is a key demographic difference between North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa?
A) North Africa has a higher birth rate than Sub-Saharan Africa.
B) Sub-Saharan Africa has a younger population distribution compared to North Africa.
C) North Africa has a significantly larger total population than Sub-Saharan Africa.
D) Sub-Saharan Africa has a more balanced gender ratio than North Africa.
Population pyramids of Northern and sub-Saharan Africa
Correct Answer: B) Sub-Saharan Africa has a younger population distribution compared to North Africa.
400
According to the chart, in Japan in 1950
A. there were fewer children aged 5 to 9 than there were children aged 10 to 14.
B. there were significantly more women aged 25 to 39 than there were men aged 25 to 39.
C. the birth rate had been declining for at least twenty years.
D. men had a longer life expectancy than women.
Percentage of Overall Population by Age, Japan, 1950
Answer B
This is the best answer. The chart shows that the population that was aged 25 to 39 contained significantly more females than males in 1950. The age group contained 4.1%, 3.4%, and 3.2% women, but only contained 3.4%, 2.8%, and 2.9% men.
400
ased on Source 2 can best be used for
A. Understanding the natural site and situation of the city
B. Understand how migration effects demographics
C. Plan Urban infastrutucture projects
D. Improve agricultural production
Source 1: Image of Cape Town, South Africa, 2022
Source 2: Transportation Network and Elevation of Cape Town, South Africa, 2022
C
400
Which choice best describes the trends shown in Graph 2?
A. The United States and the Russian Federation show an overall increase in per-person emissions while China shows a decrease in per-person emissions.
B. The United States, the Russian Federation, and China all show an overall decrease in per-person emissions from 1960 to 2015.
C. The United States, the Russian Federation, and China all show periods of significant increases and decreases in per-person emissions between 1960 and 2015.
D. The United States and the Russian Federation each shows a period of growth in the per-person emissions followed by a decline, while China shows a steady increase over time.
Graph 2: PER-PERSON EMISSIONS OF CARBON FROM 1960 TO 2015
Answer D
This is the best answer. Per-person emissions peaked for the United States in the 1970s and for the Russian Federation in the late 1980s. In contrast, the data points for China in Graph 2 show a fairly steady increase in per-person emissions from 1965 until 2010. The per-person emissions change is from approximately 0.2 to 2.0 million metric tons of carbon.
400
Map 2 supports which conclusion about urban patterns in mainland Southeast Asia?
A. The largest cities are near the coast.
B. The population is evenly distributed across the region.
C. The regions with the greatest population density are in the northwest.
D. Each country has only one major city.
Map 2: Population Density in Mainland Southeast Asia, People per Square Kilometer, 2022
Answer A
This is the best answer. Map 2 shows that the areas with high population density with more than 250 people per square kilometer, and especially the areas with more than 1,000 people per square kilometer, are concentrated near the coasts.
400
According to Source 5 (Prisoners of Geography), how has Africa’s physical geography historically impacted its economic development?
A) Africa’s navigable rivers facilitated widespread internal trade and economic integration.
B) The continent’s natural harbors allowed for early maritime trade dominance.
C) Africa’s disconnected river systems and waterfalls hindered trade and transportation.
D) The continent’s consistent climate patterns made agriculture highly productive across all regions.
Tim Marshall, Prisoners of Geography: Ten Maps That Explain Everything About the World, 2015 (with a map of Africa for reference)
Africa’s coastline? Great beaches—really, really lovely beaches—but terrible natural harbors. Rivers? Amazing rivers, but most of them are worthless for actually transporting anything, given that every few miles you go over a waterfall.
Africa, being a huge continent, has always consisted of different regions, climates, and cultures, but what they all had in common was their isolation from one another and the outside world. That is less the case now, but the legacy remains.
Most of the continent’s rivers also pose a problem, as they begin in highland and descend in abrupt drops that thwart navigation.
The continent’s great rivers—the Niger, the Congo, the Zambezi, the Nile, and others—don’t connect, and this disconnection has a human factor.
Correct Answer: C) Africa’s disconnected river systems and waterfalls hindered trade and transportation.
500
Based on the information in the chart, Japan in 1950 was most likely experiencing a
A. significant migration to rural areas.
B. decline in total population.
C. high birth rate.
D. high mortality rate.
Percentage of Overall Population by Age, Japan, 1950
Answer C
This is the best answer. The population chart for Japan in 1950 shows that Japan was experiencing a high birth rate. More than thirteen percent of the population was between the ages of 0 and 4, which is very high.
500
Based on both maps, which statement best describes the spatial reorganization this area of Paris experienced between 1771 and 2011?
A. Paris was reorganized to include more residential housing for population growth.
B. Paris was reorganized to reduce the number of parks and open spaces.
C.Most of the area in the southern portion of Paris was reorganized for a new purpose.
D. Most of the area on the island in the Seine was reorganized for a new purpose.
Map 1: PARIS, 1771
Map 2: PARIS, 2011
Answer D
This is the best answer. The island in the middle of the river changed from mostly residential areas, where people lived, in 1771 to mostly government buildings and green spaces in 2011.
500
As shown in Source 1, the Panama Canal is an example of how humans have modified the physical environment because
A. workers from across the Caribbean were employed to build the canal.
B. the canal changed the climate from tropical to temperate.
C. workers removed earth to create the canal.
D. the canal influenced economic activity by allowing more Americans to visit Panama.
Source 1: PHOTOGRAPH OF PANAMA CANAL CONSTRUCTION
Steam shovel excavating and loading dump cars in the Culebra Cut section of the Panama Canal, December 1904.
Answer C
This is the best answer. The photograph in Source 1 shows the construction of the Panama Canal. It shows mining and moving large amounts of land required to dig the Panama Canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Moving earth to create the canal altered the physical environment.
500
Compare Map 1 and Map 2. Which statement explains a correlation between physical geography and population density in mainland Southeast Asia as indicated on the maps?
A. River deltas in Southeast Asia are characterized by swamps and marshes that do not support large urban populations.
B. Most large urban centers in mainland Southeast Asia are in upland or mountainous regions.
C. The high density of the population of mainland Southeast Asia requires large food imports from overseas.
D. The areas with the densest populations in Southeast Asia are in low-lying regions or near major rivers.
Map 1: Elevation and Rivers in Mainland Southeast Asia
Map 2: Population Density in Mainland Southeast Asia, People per Square Kilometer, 2022
Answer D
This is the best answer. Maps 1 show that the areas with high population densities (above 250 people per square kilometer) are in the regions near rivers or in low elevations, as shown in Map 1.
500
Based on Source 4 (World Regional Geography), which of the following best characterizes the cultural differences between North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa?
A) North Africa is predominantly Christian, while Sub-Saharan Africa is predominantly Muslim.
B) North Africa has historically been influenced by Arab and Islamic cultures, whereas Sub-Saharan Africa has more diverse ethnic and linguistic groups.
C) Both North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa have the same primary language, Arabic.
D) Sub-Saharan Africa has fewer ethnic groups compared to North Africa.
SOURCE 4
Royal Berglee, World Regional Geography: People, Places, and Globalization, 2012
Today, [North Africa] is a Muslim-dominated realm with Arabic as its primary language. Historically, the ethnicity of North Africa was predominantly Berber with the nomadic Tuareg and other local groups interspersed. When Islam diffused into North Africa, the Arab influence and culture were infused with it.
Sub-Saharan Africa covers a large land area more than 2.3 times the size of the United States. Thousands of ethnic groups are scattered throughout the realm. There is immense diversity within the 750 million people in sub-Saharan Africa, and within each country are cultural and ethnic groups with their own history, language, and religion. More than two thousand separate and distinct languages are spoken in all of Africa. Forty are spoken by more than a million people.
B) North Africa has historically been influenced by Arab and Islamic cultures, whereas Sub-Saharan Africa has more diverse ethnic and linguistic groups.