Religion and Belief Systems
What is the belief in many gods?
What is polytheistic?
What is a crescent-shaped area of fertile land in the Middle East that extends from the eastern Mediterranean coast through the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers to the Persian Gulf
What is the Fertile Crescent or Mesopotamia?
What characterized early animistic beliefs?
What is a focus on nature spirits?
A major effect of agricultural surpluses that led to social inequalities
What is specialization of labor?
What are the sacred scriptures or text of Judaism?
What is the Torah
The "Mandate of Heaven" was a concept that developed in this civilization.
What is Zhou China?
What is the Indus River?
The name of a pharoah in ancient Egypt
Who was Khufu, or Khafre, or Ramses I
With the development of plow agriculture, new gender roles created this type of heirarchy
What is patriarchal?
The sacred text of Zoroastrianism?
What is the Avesta?
What major technical advancement allowed farming to move from hillsides to river valleys ?
What is the invention of bronze technology?
An ancient region in southwestern Asia, in present-day Iraq, comprising the southern part of Mesopotamia where the first city-states formed
What is Sumer?
The place where tribute was collected
Ziggurats or temples
What is Canaan or eventually Israel?
Who was the first founder of the doctrine or belief that there is only one God.
Who is Abraham?
Created to maintain military control over conquered territories
What are tributary systems ?
What is the oldest known form of writing, and what was it written on?
What is cuneiform on clay tablets?
The military technology that contributed to the development of social hierarchies.
What is bronze weaponry?
The place where Zoroastrianism developed
What is Persia or modern day Iran?
This was the god that protected the city state of Uruk.
Who was Marduk?
What four civilizations developed along major river valleys?
What are Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley and China
Improved farming techniques first developed by the Hittities of Turkiye.
What was the impact on early ancient societies of iron technology?
Enhanced record keeping, law codes, and led to social hierarchies.
What are Writing systems?
Besides a belief in just one god, this characterized monotheistic religions compared to earlier beliefs.
What is focus on ethical behavior?